Oakland, CA 2015 and United States 2015 Results

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**High School Youth Risk Behavior Survey**
Question	Oakland, CA 2015	United States 2015	p-value	Oakland, CA 2015 More Likely Than United States 2015	United States 2015 More Likely Than Oakland, CA 2015	No Difference
Unintentional Injuries and Violence
Did not always wear a seat belt (when riding in a car driven by someone else)	43.7 (40.7–46.8)^†	38.8 (35.1–42.7)	0.04	Yes	No	No
Rode with a driver who had been drinking alcohol (in a car or other vehicle, one or more times during the 30 days before the survey)	23.1 (20.7–25.7)	20.0 (18.4–21.6)	0.04	Yes	No	No
Drove when they had been drinking alcohol (in a car or other vehicle, one or more times during the 30 days before the survey, among students who had driven a car or other vehicle during the 30 days before the survey)	5.5 (3.9–7.8)	7.8 (6.8–9.0)	0.04	No	Yes	No
Texted or e-mailed while driving a car or other vehicle (on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey, among students who had driven a car or other vehicle during the 30 days before the survey)	20.9 (17.8–24.3)	41.5 (38.9–44.1)	0.00	No	Yes	No
Carried a weapon on school property (such as a gun, knife, or club, on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey)	6.7 (5.5–8.2)	4.1 (3.5–4.7)	0.00	Yes	No	No
Carried a gun (not counting the days when they carried a gun only for hunting or for a sport such as target shooting, on at least 1 day during the 12 months before the survey)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Were threatened or injured with a weapon on school property (such as a gun, knife, or club, one or more times during the 12 months before the survey)	8.2 (6.8–9.9)	6.0 (5.2–6.8)	0.01	Yes	No	No
Were in a physical fight (one or more times during the 12 months before the survey)	19.1 (16.7–21.9)	22.6 (20.9–24.4)	0.03	No	Yes	No
Were in a physical fight on school property (one or more times during the 12 months before the survey)	7.3 (5.7–9.3)	7.8 (6.7–8.9)	0.68	No	No	Yes
Ever saw someone get physically attacked, beaten, stabbed, or shot in their neighborhood	—	—	~	No	No	No
Were electronically bullied (counting being bullied through texting, Instagram, Facebook, or other social media, ever during the 12 months before the survey)	10.6 (9.1–12.4)	15.5 (14.5–16.6)	0.00	No	Yes	No
Were bullied on school property (during the 12 months before the survey)	16.9 (14.4–19.7)	20.2 (18.8–21.7)	0.03	No	Yes	No
Did not go to school because they felt unsafe at school or on their way to or from school (on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey)	9.0 (7.5–10.8)	5.6 (4.8–6.5)	0.00	Yes	No	No
Were ever physically forced to have sexual intercourse (when they did not want to)	—	6.7 (5.6–8.0)	~	No	No	No
Experienced sexual violence by anyone (counting such things as kissing, touching, or being forced to have sexual intercourse that they did not want to do, one or more times during the 12 months before the survey)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Experienced sexual dating violence (being forced to do sexual things (counting such things as kissing, touching, or being physically forced to have sexual intercourse) they did not want to do by someone they were dating or going out with, one or more times during the 12 months before the survey, among students who dated or went out with someone during the 12 months before the survey)	10.8 (8.6–13.5)	10.6 (9.5–11.7)	0.84	No	No	Yes
Experienced physical dating violence (being physically hurt on purpose (counting such things as being hit, slammed into something, or injured with an object or weapon) by someone they were dating or going out with, one or more times during the 12 months before the survey, among students who dated or went out with someone during the 12 months before the survey)	11.6 (8.9–14.8)	9.6 (8.8–10.6)	0.21	No	No	Yes
Felt sad or hopeless (almost every day for 2 or more weeks in a row so that they stopped doing some usual activities, during the 12 months before the survey)	27.3 (24.9–29.8)	29.9 (28.0–31.8)	0.09	No	No	Yes
Seriously considered attempting suicide (during the 12 months before the survey)	14.4 (12.6–16.3)	17.7 (16.7–18.8)	0.00	No	Yes	No
Made a plan about how they would attempt suicide (during the 12 months before the survey)	12.5 (10.8–14.5)	14.6 (13.4–15.8)	0.06	No	No	Yes
Actually attempted suicide (one or more times during the 12 months before the survey)	11.3 (9.5–13.3)	8.6 (7.6–9.6)	0.01	Yes	No	No
Suicide attempt resulted in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse (during the 12 months before the survey)	3.4 (2.4–4.7)	2.8 (2.2–3.5)	0.33	No	No	Yes
Tobacco Use
Ever tried cigarette smoking (even one or two puffs)	—	32.3 (28.9–35.8)	~	No	No	No
First tried cigarette smoking before age 13 years (even one or two puffs)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Currently smoked cigarettes (on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey)	5.8 (4.4–7.5)	10.8 (9.4–12.4)	0.00	No	Yes	No
Currently smoked cigarettes frequently (on 20 or more days during the 30 days before the survey)	1.4 (0.9–2.4)	3.4 (2.6–4.3)	0.00	No	Yes	No
Currently smoked cigarettes daily (on all 30 days during the 30 days before the survey)	0.9 (0.5–1.8)	2.3 (1.7–3.0)	0.00	No	Yes	No
Smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day (on the days they smoked during the 30 days before the survey, among students who currently smoked cigarettes)	5.5 (2.2–13.2)	7.9 (6.2–9.9)	0.38	No	No	Yes
Ever used electronic vapor products (including e-cigarettes, vapes, vape pens, e-cigars, e-hookahs, hookah pens, and mods, such as JUUL, SMOK, Suorin, Vuse, and blu)	45.1 (42.3–47.9)	44.9 (41.9–48.0)	0.92	No	No	Yes
Currently used electronic vapor products (including e-cigarettes, vapes, vape pens, e-cigars, e-hookahs, hookah pens, and mods, such as JUUL, SMOK, Suorin, Vuse, and blu, on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey)	16.2 (14.2–18.4)	24.1 (22.1–26.2)	0.00	No	Yes	No
Currently used electronic vapor products frequently (including e-cigarettes, vapes, vape pens, e-cigars, e-hookahs, hookah pens, and mods, such as JUUL, SMOK, Suorin, Vuse, and blu, on 20 or more days during the 30 days before the survey)	0.9 (0.5–1.6)	3.0 (2.4–3.6)	0.00	No	Yes	No
Currently used electronic vapor products daily (including e-cigarettes, vapes, vape pens, e-cigars, e-hookahs, hookah pens, and mods, such as JUUL, SMOK, Suorin, Vuse, and blu, on all 30 days during the 30 days before the survey)	0.6 (0.3–1.3)	2.0 (1.6–2.5)	0.00	No	Yes	No
Usually got their electronic vapor products by buying them themselves in a convenience store, supermarket, discount store, or gas station (including e-cigarettes, vapes, vape pens, e-cigars, e-hookahs, hookah pens, and mods, such as JUUL, SMOK, Suorin, Vuse, and blu, during the 30 days before the survey, among students who currently used electronic vapor products)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Currently used smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco, snuff, dip, snus, or dissolvable tobacco products, such as Redman, Levi Garrett, Beechnut, Skoal, Skoal Bandits, Copenhagen, Camel Snus, Marlboro Snus, General Snus, Ariva, Stonewall, or Camel Orbs, not counting any electronic vapor products, on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Currently used smokeless tobacco frequently (Chewing tobacco, snuff, dip, snus, or dissolvable tobacco products, such as Redman, Levi Garrett, Beechnut, Skoal, Skoal Bandits, Copenhagen, Camel Snus, Marlboro Snus, General Snus, Ariva, Stonewall, or Camel Orbs, not counting any electronic vapor products, on 20 or more days during the 30 days before the survey)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Currently used smokeless tobacco daily (chewing tobacco, snuff, dip, snus, or dissolvable tobacco products, [such as Copenhagen, Grizzly, Skoal, or Camel Snus], not counting any electronic vapor products, on all 30 days during the 30 days before the survey)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Currently smoked cigars (cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars, on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey)	6.3 (5.1–7.8)	10.3 (9.0–11.8)	0.00	No	Yes	No
Currently smoked cigars frequently (cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars, on 20 or more days during the 30 days before the survey)	0.9 (0.4–1.7)	1.3 (1.0–1.8)	0.17	No	No	Yes
Currently smoked cigars daily (cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars, on all 30 days during the 30 days before the survey)	0.5 (0.2–1.1)	1.0 (0.7–1.3)	0.05	No	No	Yes
Currently smoked cigarettes or cigars (on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey)	8.3 (6.7–10.2)	14.7 (13.0–16.6)	0.00	No	Yes	No
Currently smoked cigarettes or cigars or used smokeless tobacco (on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Currently smoked cigarettes or cigars or used smokeless tobacco or electronic vapor products (on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Currently smoked cigarettes or used electronic vapor products (on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey)	18.0 (15.6–20.5)	26.5 (24.2–28.9)	0.00	No	Yes	No
Did not try to quit using all tobacco products (including cigarettes, electronic vapor products, smokeless tobacco, cigars, shisha or hookah tobacco, or pipe tobacco, ever during the 12 months before the survey, among students who used any tobacco products during the 12 months before the survey)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Alcohol and Other Drug Use
Had their first drink of alcohol before age 13 years (other than a few sips)	19.9 (17.8–22.3)	17.2 (16.0–18.4)	0.03	Yes	No	No
Currently drank alcohol (at least one drink of alcohol, on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey)	22.1 (19.4–25.0)	32.8 (30.4–35.2)	0.00	No	Yes	No
Currently were binge drinking (four or more drinks of alcohol in a row if they are female or five or more drinks of alcohol in a row if they are male, within a couple of hours, on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Usually obtained the alcohol they drank by someone giving it to them (during the 30 days before the survey, among students who currently drank alcohol)	—	44.1 (41.9–46.4)	~	No	No	No
Reported that the largest number of drinks they had in a row was 10 or more (within a couple of hours, during the 30 days before the survey)	2.2 (1.6–3.1)	4.3 (3.6–5.1)	0.00	No	Yes	No
Ever used marijuana (also called pot or weed, one or more times during their life)	45.6 (42.8–48.4)	38.6 (35.5–41.8)	0.00	Yes	No	No
Tried marijuana for the first time before age 13 years (also called pot or weed)	—	7.5 (6.5–8.7)	~	No	No	No
Currently used marijuana (also called pot or weed, one or more times during the 30 days before the survey)	25.3 (23.0–27.7)	21.7 (19.3–24.2)	0.04	Yes	No	No
Ever used synthetic marijuana (also called "Spice," "fake weed," "K2," or "Black Mamba," one or more times during their life)	—	9.2 (7.9–10.8)	~	No	No	No
Ever took prescription pain medicine without a doctor's prescription or differently than how a doctor told them to use it (counting drugs such as codeine, Vicodin, Oxycontin, Hydrocodone, and Percocet, one or more times during their life)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Currently took prescription pain medicine without a doctor's prescription or differently than how a doctor told them to use it (one or more times during the 30 days before the survey)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Ever used cocaine (any form of cocaine, including powder, crack, or freebase, one or more times during their life)	—	5.2 (4.3–6.2)	~	No	No	No
Ever used inhalants (sniffed glue, breathed the contents of aerosol spray cans, or inhaled any paints or sprays to get high, one or more times during their life)	—	7.0 (6.2–8.0)	~	No	No	No
Ever used heroin (also called "smack," "junk," or "China White," one or more times during their life)	—	2.1 (1.5–2.8)	~	No	No	No
Ever used methamphetamines (also called "speed," "crystal meth," "crank," "ice," or "meth," one or more times during their life)	—	3.0 (2.4–3.8)	~	No	No	No
Ever used hallucinogenic drugs (such as LSD, acid, PCP, angel dust, mescaline, or mushrooms, one or more times during their life)	—	6.4 (5.3–7.7)	~	No	No	No
Ever injected any illegal drug (used a needle to inject any illegal drug into their body, one or more times during their life)	—	1.8 (1.3–2.3)	~	No	No	No
Were offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property (during the 12 months before the survey)	30.5 (27.8–33.3)	21.7 (19.4–24.2)	0.00	Yes	No	No
Ever used select illicit drugs (counting cocaine, inhalants, heroin, methamphetamines, ecstasy, or hallucinogens, one or more times during their life)	—	13.3 (11.8–14.9)	~	No	No	No
Ever used ecstasy (also called "MDMA," or "Molly," one or more times during their life)	—	5.0 (4.3–5.8)	~	No	No	No
Sexual Behaviors
Ever had sexual intercourse	37.2 (32.9–41.6)	41.2 (37.5–45.0)	0.16	No	No	Yes
Had sexual intercourse for the first time before age 13 years	7.3 (5.7–9.2)	3.9 (3.2–4.8)	0.00	Yes	No	No
Had sexual intercourse with four or more persons (during their life)	11.2 (9.1–13.6)	11.5 (9.9–13.3)	0.83	No	No	Yes
Were currently sexually active (had sexual intercourse with at least one person, during the 3 months before the survey)	23.9 (20.8–27.3)	30.1 (27.4–32.9)	0.00	No	Yes	No
Did not use a condom during last sexual intercourse (among students who were currently sexually active)	39.4 (33.1–46.1)	43.1 (40.2–46.1)	0.30	No	No	Yes
Did not use birth control pills before last sexual intercourse with opposite-sex partner (to prevent pregnancy, not counting emergency contraception such as Plan B or the "morning after" pill, among students who were currently sexually active)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Did not use an IUD (e.g., Mirena or ParaGard) or implant (e.g., Implanon or Nexplanon) before last sexual intercourse with an opposite-sex partner (to prevent pregnancy, among students who were currently sexually active)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Did not use birth control pills; an IUD (e.g., Mirena or ParaGard) or implant (e.g., Implanon or Nexplanon); or a shot (e.g., Depo-Provera), patch (e.g., OrthoEvra), or birth control ring (e.g., NuvaRing) before last sexual intercourse (to prevent pregnancy, among students who were currently sexually active)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Did not use both a condom during last sexual intercourse and birth control pills; an IUD (e.g., Mirena or ParaGard) or implant (e.g., Implanon or Nexplanon); or a shot (e.g., Depo-Provera), patch (e.g., OrthoEvra), or birth control ring (e.g., NuvaRing) before last sexual intercourse (to prevent pregnancy, among students who were currently sexually active)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Did not use any method to prevent pregnancy during last sexual intercourse with an opposite-sex partner (among students who were currently sexually active)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Drank alcohol or used drugs before last sexual intercourse (among students who were currently sexually active)	21.1 (15.7–27.8)	20.6 (18.9–22.5)	0.88	No	No	Yes
Were never tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (not counting tests done if they donated blood)	74.5 (71.4–77.4)	89.8 (88.2–91.3)	0.00	No	Yes	No
Were not tested for a sexually transmitted disease (STD) other than HIV (such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, during the 12 months before the survey)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Dietary Behaviors
Did not eat fruit or drink 100% fruit juices (such as orange juice, apple juice, or grape juice, not counting punch, Kool-Aid, sports drinks, or other fruit-flavored drinks, during the 7 days before the survey)	—	5.2 (4.4–6.0)	~	No	No	No
Did not eat vegetables (green salad, potatoes (excluding French fries, fried potatoes, or potato chips), carrots, or other vegetables, during the 7 days before the survey)	—	6.7 (6.0–7.5)	~	No	No	No
Did not drink milk (counting milk in a glass or cup, from a carton, or with cereal and the half pint of milk served at school as equal to one glass, during the 7 days before the survey)	—	21.5 (19.8–23.4)	~	No	No	No
Drank a can, bottle, or glass of soda or pop (such as Coke, Pepsi, or Sprite, not counting diet soda or diet pop, during the 7 days before the survey)	—	73.8 (71.1–76.4)	~	No	No	No
Drank a can, bottle, or glass of soda or pop one or more times per day (such as Coke, Pepsi, or Sprite, not counting diet soda or diet pop, during the 7 days before the survey)	—	20.4 (18.1–23.0)	~	No	No	No
Drank a can, bottle, or glass of soda or pop two or more times per day (such as Coke, Pepsi, or Sprite, not counting diet soda or diet pop, during the 7 days before the survey)	—	13.0 (11.1–15.2)	~	No	No	No
Drank a sports drink (such as Gatorade or Powerade, not counting low-calorie sports drinks such as Propel or G2, during the 7 days before the survey)	—	57.6 (54.6–60.5)	~	No	No	No
Drank a can, bottle, or glass of a sports drink one or more times per day (such as Gatorade or Powerade, not counting low-calorie sports drinks such as Propel or G2, during the 7 days before the survey)	—	13.8 (12.1–15.8)	~	No	No	No
Drank a can, bottle, or glass of a sports drink two or more times per day (such as Gatorade or Powerade, not counting low-calorie sports drinks such as Propel or G2, during the 7 days before the survey)	—	8.3 (7.1–9.8)	~	No	No	No
Did not drink a bottle or glass of plain water (counting tap, bottled, and unflavored sparkling water, during the 7 days before the survey)	—	3.5 (2.8–4.3)	~	No	No	No
Did not eat breakfast (during the 7 days before the survey)	17.6 (15.4–20.0)	13.8 (12.4–15.4)	0.01	Yes	No	No
Did not eat breakfast on all 7 days (during the 7 days before the survey)	71.1 (68.4–73.6)	63.7 (60.9–66.3)	0.00	Yes	No	No
Physical Activity
Were not physically active for at least 60 minutes on at least 1 day (in any kind of physical activity that increased their heart rate and made them breathe hard some of the time, during the 7 days before the survey)	—	14.3 (12.9–15.8)	~	No	No	No
Were not physically active at least 60 minutes per day on 5 or more days (in any kind of physical activity that increased their heart rate and made them breathe hard some of the time, during the 7 days before the survey)	—	51.4 (48.8–54.0)	~	No	No	No
Were not physically active at least 60 minutes per day on all 7 days (in any kind of physical activity that increased their heart rate and made them breathe hard some of the time, during the 7 days before the survey)	—	72.9 (71.2–74.6)	~	No	No	No
Did not do exercises to strengthen or tone muscles on three or more days (such as push-ups, sit-ups, or weight-lifting, during the 7 days before the survey)	—	46.6 (44.4–48.9)	~	No	No	No
Spent 3 or more hours per day on screen time (in front of a TV, computer, smart phone, or other electronic device watching shows or videos, playing games, accessing the Internet, or using social media, not counting time spent doing schoolwork, on an average school day)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Did not attend physical education (PE) classes on 1 or more days (in an average week when they were in school)	—	48.4 (42.6–54.1)	~	No	No	No
Did not attend physical education (PE) classes on all 5 days (in an average week when they were in school)	—	70.2 (63.8–76.0)	~	No	No	No
Did not play on at least one sports team (counting any teams run by their school or community groups, during the 12 months before the survey)	—	42.4 (38.8–46.0)	~	No	No	No
Had a concussion from playing a sport or being physically active (one or more times during the 12 months before the survey)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Obesity, Overweight, and Weight Control
Had obesity (students who were >= 95th percentile for body mass index, based on sex- and age-specific reference data from the 2000 CDC growth charts)	16.1 (13.8–18.7)	13.9 (12.5–15.5)	0.13	No	No	Yes
Were overweight (students who were >= 85th percentile but <95th percentile for body mass index, based on sex- and age-specific reference data from the 2000 CDC growth charts)	16.9 (14.8–19.2)	16.0 (15.2–16.9)	0.48	No	No	Yes
Described themselves as slightly or very overweight	31.2 (28.4–34.3)	31.5 (30.2–32.9)	0.86	No	No	Yes
Were not trying to lose weight	—	54.4 (52.7–56.0)	~	No	No	No
Other Health Topics
Never saw a dentist (for a check-up, exam, teeth cleaning, or other dental work, during the 12 months before the survey)	3.0 (2.2–4.1)	1.9 (1.5–2.4)	0.04	Yes	No	No
Reported that their mental health was most of the time or always not good (poor mental health includes stress, anxiety, and depression, during the 30 days before the survey)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Reported that their mental health was most of the time or always not good during the COVID-19 pandemic (poor mental health includes stress, anxiety, and depression)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Did not get 8 or more hours of sleep (on an average school night)	70.6 (66.7–74.2)	72.7 (70.4–74.9)	0.34	No	No	Yes
Usually did not sleep in their parent's or guardian's home (during the 30 days before the survey)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Had a sunburn (counting even a small part of their skin turned red or hurt for 12 hours or more after being outside in the sun or after using a sunlamp or other indoor tanning device, one or more times during the 12 months before the survey)	—	55.8 (51.2–60.3)	~	No	No	No
Reported that their parent or other adult in their home lost their job during the COVID-19 pandemic (even for a short amount of time, among students whose parent and adults in their home had jobs before the COVID-19 pandemic started)	—	—	~	No	No	No
Strongly disagree, disagree, or are not sure that they feel close to people at their school	—	—	~	No	No	No
Reported that their parents or other adults in their family sometimes, rarely, or never know where they are going or with whom they will be	—	—	~	No	No	No

**Footnotes**
†	Percentage, confidence interval
—	Data not available
~ = P-value not available

Application URL:

https://nccd.cdc.gov/youthonline/App/Results.aspx?TT=G&OUT=0&SID=HS&QID=QQ&LID=OA&YID=2015&LID2=XX&YID2=2015&COL=T&ROW1=N&ROW2=N&HT=QQ&LCT=LL&FS=S1&FR=R1&FG=G1&FA=A1&FI=I1&FP=P1&FSL=S1&FRL=R1&FGL=G1&FAL=A1&FIL=I1&FPL=P1&PV=&TST=True&C1=OA2015&C2=XX2015&QP=G&DP=1&VA=CI&CS=N&SYID=&EYID=&SC=DEFAULT&SO=ASC

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