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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Surveillance System
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Complete Indicator List
Prevalence and Incidence
Awareness
Burden of Risk Factors
Health Consequences
Quality of Care
Health System Capacity
View Prevalence and Incidence Summary
Prevalence of CKD in the General Population
CKD Stages Among U.S. Adults by Year
CKD Stages 1-4 Among U.S. Adults
CKD Stages 1-4 Among U.S. Adults Adjusted by Age
Albuminuria Among U.S. Adults by CKD Stage
CKD Prevalence by Hypertension Status
CKD Prevalence by Diabetes Mellitus Status
Prevalence of CKD in the Health Care System Population
CKD Among U.S. Veterans by Gender, Age, Race, Diabetes, and Hypertension
CKD Among U.S. Veterans Stratified by Gender, Age, Race, Diabetes and Hypertension
Prevalence of CKD Stages 3-5 by Age
Prevalence of CKD Stages 3-5 by Age and Race/Ethnicity
Prevalence of CKD Stages 3-5 by Age and Diabetes Diagnosis
CKD Stages 3-5 Among U.S. Veterans
CKD or ESRD Among U.S. Adults with ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM Codes
CKD Among U.S. Adults with an ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM Code
Prevalence of CKD by U.S. State and County
Incidence of CKD in the Health Care System Population
New Cases of Individual CKD Stages/eGFR Categories
New Cases of CKD Stage 3-5
Prevalence of CKD Towards Tracking Healthy People 2030 Goals
Reduce the Proportion of U.S. Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease
Reduce the Proportion of Adolescents with Chronic Kidney Disease
View Awareness Summary
Person Awareness of CKD
Awareness of CKD Among U.S. Adults with Albuminuria
Awareness of CKD Among U.S. Adults with CKD Stage 3 or 4
CKD Awareness by Kidney Failure Risk
Provider Awareness of CKD
CKD with ICD-9-CM Codes Among U.S. Veterans with CKD Stages 3-5
CKD Awareness Towards Tracking HP2020 Goals
Increase the Proportion of Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease Who Know They Have It
View Burden of Risk Factors Summary
Diabetes in the General Population
Diabetes Awareness, Treatment and Control Among U.S. Adults
Self-reported Having Diabetes
Diabetes Adjusted by Age
Diabetes Among U.S. Adults
Diabetes in the Health Care System Population
U.S. Adults with a Diagnosis of Diabetes
Hypertension in the General Population
Hypertension Awareness, Treatment, and Control Among U.S. Adults
Self-reported Hypertension
Hypertension Among U.S. Adults
Hypertension Adjusted by Age
Hypertension in the Health Care System Population
U.S. Adults with a Diagnosis of Hypertension
Obesity in the General Population
Overweight or Obesity by Survey Year
Overweight or Obese U.S. Residents
Overweight or Obesity Adjusted by Age
Abdominal Obesity by Survey
Abdominal Obesity in the U.S.
Abdominal Obesity Adjusted by Age
CVD in the General Population
Cardiovascular Disease by Type
Cardiovascular Disease by Survey Year
Crude Percentage with Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular Disease Adjusted by Age
Smoking in the General Population
Smoking in the General Population
Crude Percentage Who Smoke
Current and Past Smoking Adjusted by Age
Age in the Health Care System Population
Age of U.S. Adults
Race/Ethnicity in the Health Care System Population
U.S. Adults by Race/Ethnicity
Food Insecurity in CKD
Annual Trends of Food Insecurity and Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States
Trends of Dash Dietary Pattern and Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States
View Health Consequences Summary
Mortality in CKD in the Health Care System Population
Mortality Rates by eGFR Category/stage
Physical and Mental Functioning in CKD
Physical Functioning Limitation by CKD Status in U.S. Adults Aged ≥65
Physical Functioning Limitation by CKD Status in U.S. Adults Aged 20-64
Reporting of Various Sleep Symptoms by CKD Stage Among U.S. Adults
Reports of Disability by CKD Status Among U.S. Adults Aged ≥65
Risk Factors for Progression of CKD
Diabetes Among U.S. Adults with CKD
Hypertension Among U.S. Adults with CKD
Smoking Status Among U.S. Adults with CKD
Progression
One-year Progression of CKD in U.S. Veterans
Risk Factors for CKD Complications Towards Tracking HP2020 Goals
Hypertension Among U.S. Adults with CKD, 1999-2004 vs. 2005-2010 vs. 2020 Target
Hyperlipidemia Among U.S. Adults with CKD, 1999-2004 vs. 2005-2010 vs. 2020 Target
View Quality of Care Summary
Laboratory Testing for CKD in the Health Care System
Percentage of Patients with a Procedure Code for a Serum Creatinine Test
Serum Creatinine Testing in U.S. Veterans
Albuminuria Testing Among U.S. Veterans
Serum Creatinine Testing Following Discharge Among Veterans with In-hospital AKI
Albuminuria Testing Following Discharge Among Veterans with In-hospital AKI
Increase the Proportion of Adults with Diabetes Who Get a Yearly Urinary Albumin Test
Increase the Proportion of Adults with Hypertension Who Get a Yearly Urinary Albumin Test
Nephrology Care Prior to ESRD
Nephrologist Care Among U.S. Veterans
Nephrology Appointment Following Discharge Among Veterans with In-hospital AKI
Trends in Nephrology Care
Use of Medications in CKD
Prescribed NSAIDs Use Among U.S. Adults
ACE/ARB Use Among Veterans with CKD
ACE/ARB Use Among Veterans with CKD and Diabetes
ACE/ARB Use Among U.S. Adults with Hypertension and Severe Albuminuria
ACE/ARB Use Among U.S. Adults with Hypertension and Severe Albuminuria, Adjusted for Age
SGLT2 Inhibitor Use (%) Among Patients with CKD and Diabetes
CKD -5 Increase the Proportion of Adults with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease Who Get ACE Inhibitors or ARBs
Blood Pressure Treatment and Control in CKD
Trends in Hypertension Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control Among Us Veterans
View Health Care System Capacity Summary
Prevalence and Incidence
View Prevalence and Incidence Summary
Prevalence of CKD in the General Population
CKD Stages Among U.S. Adults by Year
CKD Stages 1-4 Among U.S. Adults
CKD Stages 1-4 Among U.S. Adults Adjusted by Age
Albuminuria Among U.S. Adults by CKD Stage
CKD Prevalence by Hypertension Status
CKD Prevalence by Diabetes Mellitus Status
Prevalence of CKD in the Health Care System Population
CKD Among U.S. Veterans by Gender, Age, Race, Diabetes, and Hypertension
CKD Among U.S. Veterans Stratified by Gender, Age, Race, Diabetes and Hypertension
Prevalence of CKD Stages 3-5 by Age
Prevalence of CKD Stages 3-5 by Age and Race/Ethnicity
Prevalence of CKD Stages 3-5 by Age and Diabetes Diagnosis
CKD Stages 3-5 Among U.S. Veterans
CKD or ESRD Among U.S. Adults with ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM Codes
CKD Among U.S. Adults with an ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM Code
Prevalence of CKD by U.S. State and County
Incidence of CKD in the Health Care System Population
New Cases of Individual CKD Stages/eGFR Categories
New Cases of CKD Stage 3-5
Prevalence of CKD Towards Tracking Healthy People 2030 Goals
Reduce the Proportion of U.S. Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease
Reduce the Proportion of Adolescents with Chronic Kidney Disease
Awareness
View Awareness Summary
Person Awareness of CKD
Awareness of CKD Among U.S. Adults with Albuminuria
Awareness of CKD Among U.S. Adults with CKD Stage 3 or 4
CKD Awareness by Kidney Failure Risk
Provider Awareness of CKD
CKD with ICD-9-CM Codes Among U.S. Veterans with CKD Stages 3-5
CKD Awareness Towards Tracking HP2020 Goals
Increase the Proportion of Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease Who Know They Have It
Burden of Risk Factors
View Burden of Risk Factors Summary
Diabetes in the General Population
Diabetes Awareness, Treatment and Control Among U.S. Adults
Self-reported Having Diabetes
Diabetes Adjusted by Age
Diabetes Among U.S. Adults
Diabetes in the Health Care System Population
U.S. Adults with a Diagnosis of Diabetes
Hypertension in the General Population
Hypertension Awareness, Treatment, and Control Among U.S. Adults
Self-reported Hypertension
Hypertension Among U.S. Adults
Hypertension Adjusted by Age
Hypertension in the Health Care System Population
U.S. Adults with a Diagnosis of Hypertension
Obesity in the General Population
Overweight or Obesity by Survey Year
Overweight or Obese U.S. Residents
Overweight or Obesity Adjusted by Age
Abdominal Obesity by Survey
Abdominal Obesity in the U.S.
Abdominal Obesity Adjusted by Age
CVD in the General Population
Cardiovascular Disease by Type
Cardiovascular Disease by Survey Year
Crude Percentage with Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular Disease Adjusted by Age
Smoking in the General Population
Smoking in the General Population
Crude Percentage Who Smoke
Current and Past Smoking Adjusted by Age
Age in the Health Care System Population
Age of U.S. Adults
Race/Ethnicity in the Health Care System Population
U.S. Adults by Race/Ethnicity
Food Insecurity in CKD
Annual Trends of Food Insecurity and Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States
Trends of Dash Dietary Pattern and Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States
Health Consequences
View Health Consequences Summary
Mortality in CKD in the Health Care System Population
Mortality Rates by eGFR Category/stage
Physical and Mental Functioning in CKD
Physical Functioning Limitation by CKD Status in U.S. Adults Aged ≥65
Physical Functioning Limitation by CKD Status in U.S. Adults Aged 20-64
Reporting of Various Sleep Symptoms by CKD Stage Among U.S. Adults
Reports of Disability by CKD Status Among U.S. Adults Aged ≥65
Risk Factors for Progression of CKD
Diabetes Among U.S. Adults with CKD
Hypertension Among U.S. Adults with CKD
Smoking Status Among U.S. Adults with CKD
Progression
One-year Progression of CKD in U.S. Veterans
Risk Factors for CKD Complications Towards Tracking HP2020 Goals
Hypertension Among U.S. Adults with CKD, 1999-2004 vs. 2005-2010 vs. 2020 Target
Hyperlipidemia Among U.S. Adults with CKD, 1999-2004 vs. 2005-2010 vs. 2020 Target
Quality of Care
View Quality of Care Summary
Laboratory Testing for CKD in the Health Care System
Percentage of Patients with a Procedure Code for a Serum Creatinine Test
Serum Creatinine Testing in U.S. Veterans
Albuminuria Testing Among U.S. Veterans
Serum Creatinine Testing Following Discharge Among Veterans with In-hospital AKI
Albuminuria Testing Following Discharge Among Veterans with In-hospital AKI
Increase the Proportion of Adults with Diabetes Who Get a Yearly Urinary Albumin Test
Increase the Proportion of Adults with Hypertension Who Get a Yearly Urinary Albumin Test
Nephrology Care Prior to ESRD
Nephrologist Care Among U.S. Veterans
Nephrology Appointment Following Discharge Among Veterans with In-hospital AKI
Trends in Nephrology Care
Use of Medications in CKD
Prescribed NSAIDs Use Among U.S. Adults
ACE/ARB Use Among Veterans with CKD
ACE/ARB Use Among Veterans with CKD and Diabetes
ACE/ARB Use Among U.S. Adults with Hypertension and Severe Albuminuria
ACE/ARB Use Among U.S. Adults with Hypertension and Severe Albuminuria, Adjusted for Age
SGLT2 Inhibitor Use (%) Among Patients with CKD and Diabetes
CKD -5 Increase the Proportion of Adults with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease Who Get ACE Inhibitors or ARBs
Blood Pressure Treatment and Control in CKD
Trends in Hypertension Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control Among Us Veterans
Health Care System Capacity
View Health Care System Capacity Summary
CKD Surveillance Search Results
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Indicators From Search Results
Most Recent Year
Data Source
Prevalence and Incidence
Prevalence refers to the presence of a health-related condition (e.g., CKD) in a particular population at a specific point in time (point prevalence) or, less frequently, during a specific period (period prevalence); it may be expressed as a count (number of prevalent cases) or as the proportion of cases in the population (prevalence of the condition).
Prevalence of CKD in the General Population
Prevalence of CKD Stages 1–4 by Year
2020
NHANES
Crude Prevalence of CKD Stages 1–4
2020
NHANES
Age-Adjusted Prevalence of CKD Stages 1-4
2020
NHANES
Prevalence of Albuminuria Severity and Stage
2020
NHANES
CKD Prevalence by Hypertension Status
2020
NHANES
CKD Prevalence by Diabetes Mellitus Status
2020
NHANES
Prevalence of CKD Towards Tracking Healthy People 2020 Goals
Awareness
Without awareness and knowledge of chronic kidney disease (CKD in the general and medical communities, the burden of CKD (prevalence and incidence) cannot be diminished. Early awareness of CKD could slow progression to kidney failure and mitigate associated complications and outcomes.
Person Awareness of CKD
Percentage with Albuminuria or eGFR > 15 Who Were Aware of Their Disease
2020
NHANES
Percentage with CKD Stage 3 or 4 Who Were Aware of Their Disease
2020
NHANES
CKD Awareness by Kidney Failure Risk
2016
NHANES
CKD Awareness Towards Tracking HP2020 Goals
Burden of Risk Factors
Identification of those at risk for development of CKD forms an integral part of a CKD surveillance system. First, examining changes in the burden of risk factors for CKD can help predict the potential future burden of CKD. For example, if the prevalence of an important risk factor is rising, it is likely that the prevalence of CKD will rise accordingly. Second, assessing the burden of risk factors can also help identify which interventions are likely to have the most impact on reducing the burden of CKD. Early intervention in those with risk factors may help prevent or delay the onset of CKD, or in the case of established CKD, help slow progression or reduce related morbidity and mortality.
Diabetes in the General Population
Percentage with Diabetes Awareness, Treatment, and Control
2014
NHANES
Crude Percentage Reporting Having Diabetes
2016
NHANES
Age-Adjusted Percentage Reporting Having Diabetes
2016
NHANES
Percentage with Diabetes
2018
NHANES
Hypertension in the General Population
Percentage with Hypertension Awareness, Treatment, and Control
2018
NHANES
Crude Percentage Reporting Having Hypertension
2018
NHANES
Percentage with Hypertension
2014
NHANES
Age-Adjusted Percentage Reporting Having Hypertension
2014
NHANES
Obesity in the General Population
Percentage with Overweight or Obesity by Survey Year
2016
NHANES
Crude Percentage with Overweight or Obesity
2016
NHANES
Age-Adjusted Percentage with Overweight or Obesity
2016
NHANES
Percentage with Abdominal Obesity by Survey Year
2016
NHANES
Crude Percentage with Abdominal Obesity
2016
NHANES
Age-Adjusted Percentage with Abdominal Obesity
2016
NHANES
CVD in the General Population
Percentage with Cardiovascular Disease by Type
2016
NHANES
Percentage with Cardiovascular Disease by Survey Year
2016
NHANES
Crude Percentage with Cardiovascular Disease
2016
NHANES
Age-Adjusted Percentage with Cardiovascular Disease
2016
NHANES
Smoking in the General Population
Smoking in the General Population
2016
NHANES
Crude Percentage Who Smoke
2016
NHANES
Age-Adjusted Percentage Who Smoke
2016
NHANES
Food Insecurity in CKD
Annual Trends of Food Insecurity and Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States
2014
NHANES
Trends of Dash Dietary Pattern and Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States
2018
NHANES
Health Consequences
CKD is characterized by a high burden of comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and others. Many of these conditions can be both a cause and consequence of CKD. In the presence of CKD, outcomes among patients with other comorbidities are typically worse than in the absence of CKD. The most important consequences of CKD include renal disease progression that has the potential to lead to end stage renal disease (ESRD), or death.
Mortality in CKD in the General Population
Physical and Mental Functioning in CKD
Percent of the U.S. Population Aged 65 Years or Older Reporting Physical Functioning Limitation by CKD
2016
NHANES
Percent of the U.S. Population Age 20-64 Reporting Physical Functioning Limitation by CKD
2016
NHANES
Percentage of U.S. Population Reporting Various Sleep Symptoms by CKD
2018
NHANES
Prevalence of the U.S. Population Reporting Disability by CKD
2016
NHANES
Risk Factors for Progression of CKD
Diabetes Prevalence in CKD Population
2014
NHANES
Hypertension Prevalence in the CKD Population
2014
NHANES
Prevalence of Current and Past Smoking in the CKD Population by Stage of CKD, and in the General Population
2016
NHANES
Medical Expenditures
Risk Factors for CKD Complications Towards Tracking HP2020 Goals
Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure in CKD People 1999–2004 vs. 2005–2010 vs. 2020 Target
2020
NHANES
Prevalence of Elevated Lipid Levels in CKD People 1999–2004 vs. 2005–2010 vs. 2020 Target
2020
NHANES
Quality of Care
Assessment of the processes of care and practice patterns related to the detection and management of CKD is an integral part of a national CKD surveillance system. Tracking the processes of care related to CKD could be instrumental in facilitating the implementation of early diagnostic steps and institution of appropriate therapies to either prevent the development of disease or slow progression of established disease. Examination of administrative health care data is a cost-efficient method for tracking processes of care in the practice setting.
Use of Medications in CKD
Use of Prescribed NSAIDs
2014
NHANES
ACE/ARB Use Among U.S. Adults with Hypertension and Severe Albuminuria
2018
NHANES
ACE/ARB Use Among U.S. Adults with Hypertension and Severe Albuminuria, Adjusted for Age
2018
NHANES
Medication Use
Health Care System Capacity
Improvements in population health rely on a strong health care system to deliver quality care and prevention services. Indicators in this section monitor the capacity for service delivery, health care workforce, and health care financing related to kidney disease. Examples include health insurance coverage, number of primary care physicians and nephrologists, laboratory reporting of estimated glomerular filtration rate, and the availability of transplant centers and dialysis facilities.
Insurance Status in the General Population
Children and Adolescents
Although the prevalence of CKD and its risk factors in U.S. children and adolescents is expected to be far lower than that in the adult population, capturing information about this population in a CKD surveillance system is of utmost importance, as these children and adolescents will likely become part of the at-risk adult population, or even the adult CKD population, over time. Additionally, children and adolescents with CKD differ in many important ways (in both cause and outcomes of disease) and thus should be examined separately from their adult counterparts.
Burden of Risk Factors for CKD in the North American Pediatric Population
Percentage of Children and Adolescents Having Hypertension
2016
NHANES
Percentage of Children and Adolescents Who are Overweight or Obese
2016
NHANES
Percentage of Adolescents Reporting Smoking History
2016
NHANES
Emerging Topics
Traditional topics considered for inclusion in the surveillance system cover areas of chronic kidney disease that are widely accepted and of direct relevance to public health based upon peer-reviewed research published over time. The section on emerging topics is designed to bring to light recent advances in chronic kidney disease relevant to public health surveillance of CKD. While it currently focuses on risk factors – both modifiable and non-modifiable, it is intended in the future to include other topics that provide novel insights into the burden of kidney disease, its geographic distribution and temporal trends, advances in processes of care (both diagnostic and therapeutic), and newer insights into awareness of CKD, associated health outcomes or health system capacity. These emerging topics could eventually evolve into more established concepts warranting formal attention in a CKD surveillance system and potentially even have widespread population health management, prevention and/or policy implications.
Dietary Acid Load
Adjusted Risk of Progression to ESRD by Tertiles of Estimated Dietary Acid Load
1994
NHANES III
Periodontal Disease
All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Among Adults with CKD
1994
NHANES III
Prevalence of Periodontal Disease in the U.S. Adult Population
1994
NHANES III
Projected Prevalence of CKD in the General Population
Projected Prevalence of CKD in 2020 and 2030 in Adults Aged 30 Years or Older
2030
NHANES and the CKD HPM
Projected Prevalence of CKD in 2020 and 2030 in Adults Aged 65 Years or Older
2030
NHANES and the CKD HPM
Lifetime Incidence of CKD in the General Population
Residual and Unconditional Lifetime Incidence of CKD
2010
NHANES and the CKD HPM
Suggested Citation:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chronic Kidney Disease Surveillance System—United States.
website.
http://www.cdc.gov/ckd