Although the prevalence of CKD and its risk factors in U.S. children and adolescents is expected to be far lower than that in the adult population, capturing information about this population in a CKD surveillance system is of utmost importance, as these children and adolescents will likely become part of the at-risk adult population, or even the adult CKD population, over time. Additionally, children and adolescents with CKD differ in many important ways (in both cause and outcomes of disease) and thus should be examined separately from their adult counterparts.