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Prevalence of Self-Reported Sleep Disorder and Nocturia Among U.S. Adults with and without CKD

In 2017–March 2020, self-reported sleep disorders and the symptom of nocturia (increased urination at night) were frequently reported in the U.S. population among adults with or without chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nocturia is more commonly reported in adults with CKD than without CKD. Prevalence of self-reported sleep disorders is higher in the most recent years in adults both with and without CKD.

Data Source: NHANES

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Prevalence of Self-Reported Sleep Disorder and Nocturia Among U.S. Adults with and without CKD by Definition and Overall and CKD Stage National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Overall	CKD Stage	Sleep Disorder	Nocturia
2005-2008	No CKD	7.3% (CI 6.7-8.0)	20.9% (CI 19.3-22.6)
2005-2008	CKD Stages 1 & 2	10.5% (CI 7.4-13.6)	34.6% (CI 30.9-38.2)
2005-2008	CKD Stages 3 & 4	8.4% (CI 5.9-10.9)	48.1% (CI 43.9-52.3)
2009-2012	No CKD	7.7% (CI 6.9-8.4)	21.2% (CI 19.8-22.7)
2009-2012	CKD Stages 1 & 2	13.0% (CI 9.2-16.8)	39.2% (CI 34.4-44.0)
2009-2012	CKD Stages 3 & 4	11.2% (CI 8.3-14.2)	46.7% (CI 42.4-51.0)
2013-2016	No CKD	9.6% (CI 8.4-10.8)	24.6% (CI 22.3-26.8)
2013-2016	CKD Stages 1 & 2	13.7% (CI 9.6-17.8)	41.5% (CI 37.2-45.9)
2013-2016	CKD Stages 3 & 4	17.8% (CI 12.2-23.3)	43.2% (CI 38.9-47.5)
2017-2020	No CKD	*	25.1% (CI 23.2-27.1)
2017-2020	CKD Stages 1 & 2	*	40.4% (CI 35.0-45.8)
2017-2020	CKD Stages 3 & 4	*	46.9% (CI 40.2-53.6)

A sleep disorder is defined as a self-reported positive response to ever being told by your doctor you have a sleep disorder. Sleep disorder data are not yet available for the 2017–March 2020 cycle. Data are not adjusted.

NHANES is a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey that is currently conducted every two years (since 1999) by CDC's National Center for Health Statistics among noninstitutionalized US civilian residents. The survey consists of a standardized in-home interview and a physical examination with blood and urine collected at a mobile examination center.

Data were examined by combining two NHANES cycles to represent four-year periods from 2001 to 2016 and the 2017–March 2020 pre-pandemic cycle.

Field	Data
Description of Measure	Prevalence of self-reported sleep disorder and nocturia among persons with and without CKD.
Data Set	National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Population	Noninstitutionalized U.S. adults aged ≥ 18 years, pregnant women excluded.
Years Included	2005–March 2020.
Numerator	Adults aged ≥ 18 years who self-report either having a sleep disorder or nocturia.
Denominator	Adult aged ≥ 18 years with serum creatinine and urine albumin measurements who completed the sleep disorders questionnaire.
Definition of CKD and CKD Stage	CKD is defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m² or albuminuria (urine albumin to creatinine ratio [UACR] ≥ 30 mg/g). Stage 1: eGFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m² and albuminuria; Stage 2: eGFR 60–89 ml/min/1.73 m² and albuminuria; Stage 3: eGFR 30–59 ml/min/1.73 m²; Stage 4: 15–29 ml/min/1.73 m²; Stage 5: excluded. Estimates are based on single estimates of eGFR and UACR.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)	Based on the CKD-EPI equation for calibrated creatinine: eGFR=141 x [min(serum creatinine in mg/dL) /κ, 1)]α x [max(serum creatinine/κ, 1)]-1.20 x 0.993age x (1.018 if female) x (1.159 if a Black person). κ = 0.7 if female and 0.9 if male α = -0.329 if female and -0.411 if male = raise to the power
Albuminuria	UACR is calculated as urine albumin divided by urine creatinine. Albuminuria is defined as UACR ≥ 30 mg/g.
Serum Creatinine	Serum creatinine values used for eGFR calculation are standardized against isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS).
Urine Albumin	Measured in random urine collection by fluorescent immunoassay.
Sleep Disorder	Self-reported affirmative response to ever being told by doctor have a sleep disorder.
Nocturia	Self-reported response of 2 or more times to the question: “During the past 30 days, how many times per night did you most typically get up to urinate, from the time you went to bed at night until the time you got up in the morning?”
Limitations of Indicator	Data are self-reported and diagnosis information for sleep disorders is not available.
Analytical Considerations	Appropriate NHANES survey weights are used for all analyses; if relative standard error is greater than 30%, the estimates are not shown. Serum creatinine measurements are assay corrected for NHANES years 2005 and 2006 and prior to be combined with later years.