Risk Factors

Important risk factors for kidney disease include diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disease, family history of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and older age. Prevalence of CKD is presented by three of its most important risk factors: age, diabetes, and hypertension, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This section will continue to be expanded in subsequent Kidney Disease Surveillance System updates.

Risk Factors in the General Population

Prevalence of CKD Among U.S. Adults, by Age

Prevalence of CKD Among U.S. Adults with Diabetes

Prevalence of CKD Among U.S. Adults with Hypertension

eGFR Formula Disclaimer

At the time of the last data update in summer 2022, the race-free eGFR formula was newly recommended and impact on health outcomes is underway. To avoid inconsistent results caused by different formulae, stakeholders continued using the eGFR formula with race during this transition. Since then, comparisons have been made. The estimates for the current website launch are still based on analyses using the eGFR formula with race, however plan is to use race-free eGFR formula for the next data update and upcoming website launch in fall 2023.