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Complete Indicator List
Prevalence and Incidence
Awareness
Burden of Risk Factors
Health Consequences
Quality of Care
Health System Capacity
View Prevalence and Incidence Summary
Prevalence of CKD in the General Population
CKD Stages Among U.S. Adults, 1988-1994 vs. 1999-2006 vs. 2007-2014 vs. 2015-2016
Prevalence Ratio of CKD Stages Among U.S. Adults, 1988-1994 vs. 2007-2016
CKD Stages Among U.S. Adults by Year
CKD Stages 1-4 Among U.S. Adults
CKD Stages 1-4 Among U.S. Adults Adjusted by Age
Albuminuria Among U.S. Adults by CKD Stage
CKD Prevalence by Hypertension Status
CKD Prevalence by Diabetes Mellitus Status
Prevalence of CKD in the Health Care System Population
CKD Among U.S. Veterans by Gender, Age, Race, Diabetes, and Hypertension
CKD Among U.S. Veterans Stratified by Gender, Age, Race, Diabetes and Hypertension
CKD Stages 3-5 Among U.S. Veterans
Treated ESRD in the U.S.
ESRD Among U.S. Residents Adjusted by Age, Gender, Race
ESRD in the U.S. by State
CKD or ESRD Among U.S. Adults with ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM Codes
CKD Among U.S. Adults with an ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM Code
Prevalence of CKD by U.S. State and County
Prevalence of CKD Towards Tracking Healthy People 2020 Goals
CKD Among U.S. Adults, 1999-2004 vs. 2005-2010 vs. 2020 Target
Incidence of CKD in the General Population
New Cases of CKD Stages 3-5 in a Study Cohort
Incidence of CKD in the Health Care System Population
New Cases of Treated End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
New Cases Adjusted by Treated End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
New Cases of ESRD by U.S. State
New Cases of Individual CKD Stages/eGFR Categories
New Cases of CKD Stage 3-5
=
Published literature or one-time analysis, ongoing surveillance not available
View Awareness Summary
Person Awareness of CKD
Awareness of CKD Among U.S. Adults with Albuminuria
Awareness of CKD Among U.S. Adults with CKD Stage 3 or 4
Awareness of Important Health Problems Among African Americans
Awareness of CKD Risk Factors Among African Americans
Perceived CKD Risk Among African Americans
CKD Awareness by Kidney Failure Risk
Provider Awareness of CKD
CKD with ICD-9-CM Codes Among U.S. Veterans with CKD Stages 3-5
Physicians' Reporting of Perceived CKD Risk Factors
Influencing Physicians Treatment of CKD by Guidelines
Correctly Identifying CKD and Recommending Referral to Nephrologist
Trainees Choosing Indicators for Nephrology by Post-graduate Year and CKD Clinical Experience
CKD Awareness Towards Tracking HP2020 Goals
CKD Awareness Among U.S. Adults with CKD, 1999-2004 vs. 2005-2010 vs. 2020 Target
=
Published literature or one-time analysis, ongoing surveillance not available
View Burden of Risk Factors Summary
Diabetes in the General Population
Diabetes Awareness, Treatment and Control Among U.S. Adults
Self-reported Having Diabetes
Diabetes Adjusted by Age
Diabetes Among U.S. Adults
Diabetes in the Health Care System Population
U.S. Adults with a Diagnosis of Diabetes
Hypertension in the General Population
Hypertension Awareness, Treatment, and Control Among U.S. Adults
Self-reported Hypertension
Hypertension Among U.S. Adults
Hypertension Adjusted by Age
Hypertension in the Health Care System Population
U.S. Adults with a Diagnosis of Hypertension
Obesity in the General Population
Overweight or Obesity by Survey Year
Overweight or Obese U.S. Residents
Overweight or Obesity Adjusted by Age
Abdominal Obesity by Survey
Abdominal Obesity in the U.S.
Abdominal Obesity Adjusted by Age
CVD in the General Population
Cardiovascular Disease by Type
Cardiovascular Disease by Survey Year
Crude Percentage with Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular Disease Adjusted by Age
Smoking in the General Population
Smoking in the General Population
Crude Percentage Who Smoke
Current and Past Smoking Adjusted by Age
Age in the General Population
Estimated and Projected Population in the U.S.
Projected U.S. Population by Age
Age in the Health Care System Population
Age of U.S. Adults
Race/Ethnicity in the General Population
Estimated and Projected U.S. Population by Race/Ethnicity
Projected U.S. Population by Race/Ethnicity
Race/Ethnicity in the Health Care System Population
U.S. Adults by Race/Ethnicity
Family History of CKD
Kidney Function by eGFR
Family History of ESRD
Dialysis-requiring AKI in the General Population
Incidence of Dialysis-requiring AKI in the General Population
Food Insecurity in CKD
Annual Trends of Food Insecurity and Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States
Trends of Dash Dietary Pattern and Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States
=
Published literature or one-time analysis, ongoing surveillance not available
View Health Consequences Summary
Mortality in CKD in the General Population
Cardiovascular Mortality Among U.S. Adults by eGFR and Albuminuria
Mortality in CKD in the Health Care System Population
Mortality Rates by eGFR Category/stage
Physical and Mental Functioning in CKD
Physical Functioning Limitation by CKD Status in U.S. Adults Aged ≥65
Physical Functioning Limitation by CKD Status in U.S. Adults Aged 20-64
Cognitive Function by Kidney Function Among Adults with CKD
Reporting of Various Sleep Symptoms by CKD Stage Among U.S. Adults
Reports of Disability by CKD Status Among U.S. Adults Aged ≥65
Cardiovascular Events in CKD in the Health Care Delivery System Population
Acute Coronary Syndrome Rates by eGFR Category
Heart Failure Hospitalization Rates by eGFR Category
Mortality in CKD in the Health Care Delivery System Population
Mortality Rates by eGFR Category
Risk Factors for Progression of CKD
Diabetes Among U.S. Adults with CKD
Hypertension Among U.S. Adults with CKD
Smoking Status Among U.S. Adults with CKD
Progression
One-year Progression of CKD in U.S. Veterans
Medical Expenditures
Annual Expenditures of CKD in U.S. Medicare Population
Risk Factors for CKD Complications Towards Tracking HP2020 Goals
Hypertension Among U.S. Adults with CKD, 1999-2004 vs. 2005-2010 vs. 2020 Target
Hyperlipidemia Among U.S. Adults with CKD, 1999-2004 vs. 2005-2010 vs. 2020 Target
=
Published literature or one-time analysis, ongoing surveillance not available
View Quality of Care Summary
Laboratory Testing for CKD in the Health Care System
Percentage of Patients with a Procedure Code for a Serum Creatinine Test
Serum Creatinine Testing in U.S. Veterans
Albuminuria Testing Among U.S. Veterans
Serum Creatinine Testing Following Discharge Among Veterans with In-hospital AKI
Albuminuria Testing Following Discharge Among Veterans with In-hospital AKI
Nephrology Care Prior to ESRD
Timing of Pre-ESRD Care Among Incident ESRD Patients
Timing of Pre-ESRD Care and First-year Mortality
Nephrologist Care Among U.S. Veterans
Predictors of Pre-ESRD Care
Nephrology Appointment Following Discharge Among Veterans with In-hospital AKI
Trends in Nephrology Care
Use of Medications in CKD
NSAID Use in Persons With and Without CKD Among U.S. Adults
Prescribed NSAIDs Use Among U.S. Adults
ACE/ARB Use Among Veterans with CKD
ACE/ARB Use Among Veterans with CKD and Diabetes
ACE/ARB Use Among U.S. Adults with Hypertension and Severe Albuminuria
ACE/ARB Use Among U.S. Adults with Hypertension and Severe Albuminuria, Adjusted for Age
SGLT2 Inhibitor Use (%) Among Patients with CKD and Diabetes
Blood Pressure Treatment and Control in CKD
Blood Pressure Treatment and Control Among Adults with CKD
Trends in Hypertension Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control Among Us Veterans
CKD Detection
Detection of CKD Among Primary Care Patients with Diabetes
Medication Use
Antihypertensive Medication Use Among U.S. Adults
Types of Antihypertensive Medication Use Among U.S. Adults
=
Published literature or one-time analysis, ongoing surveillance not available
View Health Care System Capacity Summary
Reporting of eGFR and Use of Calibrated Creatinine by U.S. Laboratories
Laboratory Reporting of eGFR Using Creatinine
Frequency of Laboratory Reporting of eGFR Using Creatinine
Laboratory Reporting Using IDMS-Traceable Creatinine Calibration
eGFR Reporting Using Serum Creatinine by Volume of Testing
Frequency of eGFR Reporting with Serum Creatinine
Estimating Equations Used by Laboratories Reporting eGFR
eGFR Reporting Convention Used Among Laboratories
Laboratory Reporting of eGFR in the Health Care System
Patients with Coreported eGFR with Serum Creatinine in VA Facilities
Coreporting of eGFR with Serum Creatinine in VA Facilities
Coreporting of eGFR in VA Facilities
Insurance Status in the General Population
Reports of Health Insurance in U.S. Adults Aged <65
Reports of Health Insurance in U.S. Adults Aged <65 with CKD
Availability of Dialysis and Transplant Facilities in the United States
Dialysis Facilities and Patients Treated by Dialysis in the U.S.
Transplant Facilities and Patients Receiving Kidney Transplants in the U.S.
ESRD Facilities by U.S. State
Staffing Positions at Dialysis Facilities in the U.S.
Number of Nephrologists and Primary Care Providers in the United States
Primary Care Physicians by Specialty in the U.S.
Nephrologists in the U.S.
Primary Care Physicians by U.S. State
=
Published literature or one-time analysis, ongoing surveillance not available
Prevalence and Incidence
View Prevalence and Incidence Summary
Prevalence of CKD in the General Population
CKD Stages Among U.S. Adults, 1988-1994 vs. 1999-2006 vs. 2007-2014 vs. 2015-2016
Prevalence Ratio of CKD Stages Among U.S. Adults, 1988-1994 vs. 2007-2016
CKD Stages Among U.S. Adults by Year
CKD Stages 1-4 Among U.S. Adults
CKD Stages 1-4 Among U.S. Adults Adjusted by Age
Albuminuria Among U.S. Adults by CKD Stage
CKD Prevalence by Hypertension Status
CKD Prevalence by Diabetes Mellitus Status
Prevalence of CKD in the Health Care System Population
CKD Among U.S. Veterans by Gender, Age, Race, Diabetes, and Hypertension
CKD Among U.S. Veterans Stratified by Gender, Age, Race, Diabetes and Hypertension
CKD Stages 3-5 Among U.S. Veterans
Treated ESRD in the U.S.
ESRD Among U.S. Residents Adjusted by Age, Gender, Race
ESRD in the U.S. by State
CKD or ESRD Among U.S. Adults with ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM Codes
CKD Among U.S. Adults with an ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM Code
Prevalence of CKD by U.S. State and County
Prevalence of CKD Towards Tracking Healthy People 2020 Goals
CKD Among U.S. Adults, 1999-2004 vs. 2005-2010 vs. 2020 Target
Incidence of CKD in the General Population
New Cases of CKD Stages 3-5 in a Study Cohort
Incidence of CKD in the Health Care System Population
New Cases of Treated End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
New Cases Adjusted by Treated End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
New Cases of ESRD by U.S. State
New Cases of Individual CKD Stages/eGFR Categories
New Cases of CKD Stage 3-5
=
Published literature or one-time analysis, ongoing surveillance not available
Awareness
View Awareness Summary
Person Awareness of CKD
Awareness of CKD Among U.S. Adults with Albuminuria
Awareness of CKD Among U.S. Adults with CKD Stage 3 or 4
Awareness of Important Health Problems Among African Americans
Awareness of CKD Risk Factors Among African Americans
Perceived CKD Risk Among African Americans
CKD Awareness by Kidney Failure Risk
Provider Awareness of CKD
CKD with ICD-9-CM Codes Among U.S. Veterans with CKD Stages 3-5
Physicians' Reporting of Perceived CKD Risk Factors
Influencing Physicians Treatment of CKD by Guidelines
Correctly Identifying CKD and Recommending Referral to Nephrologist
Trainees Choosing Indicators for Nephrology by Post-graduate Year and CKD Clinical Experience
CKD Awareness Towards Tracking HP2020 Goals
CKD Awareness Among U.S. Adults with CKD, 1999-2004 vs. 2005-2010 vs. 2020 Target
=
Published literature or one-time analysis, ongoing surveillance not available
Burden of Risk Factors
View Burden of Risk Factors Summary
Diabetes in the General Population
Diabetes Awareness, Treatment and Control Among U.S. Adults
Self-reported Having Diabetes
Diabetes Adjusted by Age
Diabetes Among U.S. Adults
Diabetes in the Health Care System Population
U.S. Adults with a Diagnosis of Diabetes
Hypertension in the General Population
Hypertension Awareness, Treatment, and Control Among U.S. Adults
Self-reported Hypertension
Hypertension Among U.S. Adults
Hypertension Adjusted by Age
Hypertension in the Health Care System Population
U.S. Adults with a Diagnosis of Hypertension
Obesity in the General Population
Overweight or Obesity by Survey Year
Overweight or Obese U.S. Residents
Overweight or Obesity Adjusted by Age
Abdominal Obesity by Survey
Abdominal Obesity in the U.S.
Abdominal Obesity Adjusted by Age
CVD in the General Population
Cardiovascular Disease by Type
Cardiovascular Disease by Survey Year
Crude Percentage with Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular Disease Adjusted by Age
Smoking in the General Population
Smoking in the General Population
Crude Percentage Who Smoke
Current and Past Smoking Adjusted by Age
Age in the General Population
Estimated and Projected Population in the U.S.
Projected U.S. Population by Age
Age in the Health Care System Population
Age of U.S. Adults
Race/Ethnicity in the General Population
Estimated and Projected U.S. Population by Race/Ethnicity
Projected U.S. Population by Race/Ethnicity
Race/Ethnicity in the Health Care System Population
U.S. Adults by Race/Ethnicity
Family History of CKD
Kidney Function by eGFR
Family History of ESRD
Dialysis-requiring AKI in the General Population
Incidence of Dialysis-requiring AKI in the General Population
Food Insecurity in CKD
Annual Trends of Food Insecurity and Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States
Trends of Dash Dietary Pattern and Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States
=
Published literature or one-time analysis, ongoing surveillance not available
Health Consequences
View Health Consequences Summary
Mortality in CKD in the General Population
Cardiovascular Mortality Among U.S. Adults by eGFR and Albuminuria
Mortality in CKD in the Health Care System Population
Mortality Rates by eGFR Category/stage
Physical and Mental Functioning in CKD
Physical Functioning Limitation by CKD Status in U.S. Adults Aged ≥65
Physical Functioning Limitation by CKD Status in U.S. Adults Aged 20-64
Cognitive Function by Kidney Function Among Adults with CKD
Reporting of Various Sleep Symptoms by CKD Stage Among U.S. Adults
Reports of Disability by CKD Status Among U.S. Adults Aged ≥65
Cardiovascular Events in CKD in the Health Care Delivery System Population
Acute Coronary Syndrome Rates by eGFR Category
Heart Failure Hospitalization Rates by eGFR Category
Mortality in CKD in the Health Care Delivery System Population
Mortality Rates by eGFR Category
Risk Factors for Progression of CKD
Diabetes Among U.S. Adults with CKD
Hypertension Among U.S. Adults with CKD
Smoking Status Among U.S. Adults with CKD
Progression
One-year Progression of CKD in U.S. Veterans
Medical Expenditures
Annual Expenditures of CKD in U.S. Medicare Population
Risk Factors for CKD Complications Towards Tracking HP2020 Goals
Hypertension Among U.S. Adults with CKD, 1999-2004 vs. 2005-2010 vs. 2020 Target
Hyperlipidemia Among U.S. Adults with CKD, 1999-2004 vs. 2005-2010 vs. 2020 Target
=
Published literature or one-time analysis, ongoing surveillance not available
Quality of Care
View Quality of Care Summary
Laboratory Testing for CKD in the Health Care System
Percentage of Patients with a Procedure Code for a Serum Creatinine Test
Serum Creatinine Testing in U.S. Veterans
Albuminuria Testing Among U.S. Veterans
Serum Creatinine Testing Following Discharge Among Veterans with In-hospital AKI
Albuminuria Testing Following Discharge Among Veterans with In-hospital AKI
Nephrology Care Prior to ESRD
Timing of Pre-ESRD Care Among Incident ESRD Patients
Timing of Pre-ESRD Care and First-year Mortality
Nephrologist Care Among U.S. Veterans
Predictors of Pre-ESRD Care
Nephrology Appointment Following Discharge Among Veterans with In-hospital AKI
Trends in Nephrology Care
Use of Medications in CKD
NSAID Use in Persons With and Without CKD Among U.S. Adults
Prescribed NSAIDs Use Among U.S. Adults
ACE/ARB Use Among Veterans with CKD
ACE/ARB Use Among Veterans with CKD and Diabetes
ACE/ARB Use Among U.S. Adults with Hypertension and Severe Albuminuria
ACE/ARB Use Among U.S. Adults with Hypertension and Severe Albuminuria, Adjusted for Age
SGLT2 Inhibitor Use (%) Among Patients with CKD and Diabetes
Blood Pressure Treatment and Control in CKD
Blood Pressure Treatment and Control Among Adults with CKD
Trends in Hypertension Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control Among Us Veterans
CKD Detection
Detection of CKD Among Primary Care Patients with Diabetes
Medication Use
Antihypertensive Medication Use Among U.S. Adults
Types of Antihypertensive Medication Use Among U.S. Adults
=
Published literature or one-time analysis, ongoing surveillance not available
Health Care System Capacity
View Health Care System Capacity Summary
Reporting of eGFR and Use of Calibrated Creatinine by U.S. Laboratories
Laboratory Reporting of eGFR Using Creatinine
Frequency of Laboratory Reporting of eGFR Using Creatinine
Laboratory Reporting Using IDMS-Traceable Creatinine Calibration
eGFR Reporting Using Serum Creatinine by Volume of Testing
Frequency of eGFR Reporting with Serum Creatinine
Estimating Equations Used by Laboratories Reporting eGFR
eGFR Reporting Convention Used Among Laboratories
Laboratory Reporting of eGFR in the Health Care System
Patients with Coreported eGFR with Serum Creatinine in VA Facilities
Coreporting of eGFR with Serum Creatinine in VA Facilities
Coreporting of eGFR in VA Facilities
Insurance Status in the General Population
Reports of Health Insurance in U.S. Adults Aged <65
Reports of Health Insurance in U.S. Adults Aged <65 with CKD
Availability of Dialysis and Transplant Facilities in the United States
Dialysis Facilities and Patients Treated by Dialysis in the U.S.
Transplant Facilities and Patients Receiving Kidney Transplants in the U.S.
ESRD Facilities by U.S. State
Staffing Positions at Dialysis Facilities in the U.S.
Number of Nephrologists and Primary Care Providers in the United States
Primary Care Physicians by Specialty in the U.S.
Nephrologists in the U.S.
Primary Care Physicians by U.S. State
=
Published literature or one-time analysis, ongoing surveillance not available
Browse Data by Topic
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Indicators
Most Recent Year
Data Source
AASK
ADD-CKD Cohort
AGRAWAL
AMA
ARIC
Atlanta Pediatric Clinics
BOULWARE
CAP
CKiD
Clinformatics Commercial
Clinformatics Medicare Advantage
Clinical Trials
CMS-ESRD
CMS-Medicaid
CMS-Medicare
CRIC
CRISP
D-ARIC and JHS
DoD-MHS
Framingham
Jackson Heart Study
KPNC
NATIONAL VA
NHANES
NHANES and the CKD HPM
NHANES III
NHANES-CMS
NHANES-NDI
NiCK Study
NIS
NKDEP
Norwegian Tromso Study
Renal REGARDS
SEARCH
SHS
SRTR
U.S. Census
USRDS
Prevalence and Incidence
Prevalence refers to the presence of a health-related condition (e.g., CKD) in a particular population at a specific point in time (point prevalence) or, less frequently, during a specific period (period prevalence); it may be expressed as a count (number of prevalent cases) or as the proportion of cases in the population (prevalence of the condition).
Prevalence of CKD in the General Population
CKD Stages Among U.S. Adults, 1988-1994 vs. 1999-2006 vs. 2007-2014 vs. 2015-2016
2016
NHANES
Prevalence Ratio of CKD Stages Among U.S. Adults, 1988-1994 vs. 2007-2016
2016
NHANES
CKD Stages Among U.S. Adults by Year
2016
NHANES
CKD Stages 1-4 Among U.S. Adults
2016
NHANES
CKD Stages 1-4 Among U.S. Adults Adjusted by Age
2016
NHANES
Albuminuria Among U.S. Adults by CKD Stage
2016
NHANES
CKD Prevalence by Hypertension Status
2018
NHANES
CKD Prevalence by Diabetes Mellitus Status
2018
NHANES
Prevalence of CKD in the Health Care System Population
CKD Among U.S. Veterans by Gender, Age, Race, Diabetes, and Hypertension
2020
NATIONAL VA
CKD Among U.S. Veterans Stratified by Gender, Age, Race, Diabetes and Hypertension
2020
NATIONAL VA
CKD Stages 3-5 Among U.S. Veterans
2020
NATIONAL VA
Treated ESRD in the U.S.
2018
USRDS
ESRD Among U.S. Residents Adjusted by Age, Gender, Race
2018
USRDS
ESRD in the U.S. by State
2018
USRDS
Percentage of Patients with ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM Codes Indicating CKD or ESRD
2019
CMS-Medicare, Clinformatics Commercial, Clinformatics Medicare Advantage, CMS-Medicaid
Percentage of Patients with an ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM Code Indicating CKD
2020
CMS-Medicare, NATIONAL VA, Clinformatics Commercial, Clinformatics Medicare Advantage, CMS-Medicaid, DoD-MHS
Prevalence of CKD by U.S. State and County
2016
CMS-Medicare
Prevalence of CKD Towards Tracking Healthy People 2020 Goals
CKD Among U.S. Adults, 1999-2004 vs. 2005-2010 vs. 2020 Target
2020
NHANES
Incidence of CKD in the General Population
New Cases of CKD Stages 3-5 in a Study Cohort
1998
ARIC
Incidence of CKD in the Health Care System Population
New Cases of Treated End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
2018
USRDS
New Cases Adjusted by Treated End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
2018
USRDS
New Cases of ESRD by U.S. State
2018
USRDS
New Cases of Individual CKD Stages/eGFR Categories
2020
NATIONAL VA
New Cases of CKD Stage 3-5
2020
NATIONAL VA
Awareness
Without awareness and knowledge of chronic kidney disease (CKD in the general and medical communities, the burden of CKD (prevalence and incidence) cannot be diminished. Early awareness of CKD could slow progression to kidney failure and mitigate associated complications and outcomes.
Person Awareness of CKD
Awareness of CKD Among U.S. Adults with Albuminuria
2016
NHANES
Awareness of CKD Among U.S. Adults with CKD Stage 3 or 4
2014
NHANES
Awareness of Important Health Problems Among African Americans
2003
NKDEP
Awareness of CKD Risk Factors Among African Americans
2003
NKDEP
Perceived CKD Risk Among African Americans
2003
NKDEP
CKD Awareness by Kidney Failure Risk
2016
NHANES
Provider Awareness of CKD
CKD with ICD-9-CM Codes Among U.S. Veterans with CKD Stages 3-5
2018
NATIONAL VA
Physicians' Reporting of Perceived CKD Risk Factors
2003
NKDEP
Influencing Physicians Treatment of CKD by Guidelines
2003
NKDEP
Correctly Identifying CKD and Recommending Referral to Nephrologist
2005
BOULWARE
Trainees Choosing Indicators for Nephrology by Post-graduate Year and CKD Clinical Experience
2007
AGRAWAL
CKD Awareness Towards Tracking HP2020 Goals
CKD Awareness Among U.S. Adults with CKD, 1999-2004 vs. 2005-2010 vs. 2020 Target
2020
NHANES
Burden of Risk Factors
Identification of those at risk for development of CKD forms an integral part of a CKD surveillance system. First, examining changes in the burden of risk factors for CKD can help predict the potential future burden of CKD. For example, if the prevalence of an important risk factor is rising, it is likely that the prevalence of CKD will rise accordingly. Second, assessing the burden of risk factors can also help identify which interventions are likely to have the most impact on reducing the burden of CKD. Early intervention in those with risk factors may help prevent or delay the onset of CKD, or in the case of established CKD, help slow progression or reduce related morbidity and mortality.
Diabetes in the General Population
Diabetes Awareness, Treatment and Control Among U.S. Adults
2014
NHANES
Self-reported Having Diabetes
2016
NHANES
Diabetes Adjusted by Age
2016
NHANES
Diabetes Among U.S. Adults
2018
NHANES
Diabetes in the Health Care System Population
Percentage of Patients with a Diagnosis of Diabetes
2020
CMS-Medicare, NATIONAL VA, Clinformatics Commercial, Clinformatics Medicare Advantage, CMS-Medicaid
Hypertension in the General Population
Hypertension Awareness, Treatment, and Control Among U.S. Adults
2018
NHANES
Self-reported Hypertension
2018
NHANES
Hypertension Among U.S. Adults
2014
NHANES
Hypertension Adjusted by Age
2014
NHANES
Hypertension in the Health Care System Population
Percentage of Patients with a Diagnosis of Hypertension
2020
CMS-Medicare, NATIONAL VA, Clinformatics Commercial, Clinformatics Medicare Advantage, CMS-Medicaid
Obesity in the General Population
Overweight or Obesity by Survey Year
2016
NHANES
Overweight or Obese U.S. Residents
2016
NHANES
Overweight or Obesity Adjusted by Age
2016
NHANES
Abdominal Obesity by Survey
2016
NHANES
Abdominal Obesity in the U.S.
2016
NHANES
Abdominal Obesity Adjusted by Age
2016
NHANES
CVD in the General Population
Cardiovascular Disease by Type
2016
NHANES
Cardiovascular Disease by Survey Year
2016
NHANES
Crude Percentage with Cardiovascular Disease
2016
NHANES
Cardiovascular Disease Adjusted by Age
2016
NHANES
Smoking in the General Population
Smoking in the General Population
2016
NHANES
Crude Percentage Who Smoke
2016
NHANES
Current and Past Smoking Adjusted by Age
2016
NHANES
Age in the General Population
Estimated and Projected Population in the U.S.
2050
U.S. Census
Projected U.S. Population by Age
2050
U.S. Census
Age in the Health Care System Population
Age of Patients
2020
CMS-Medicare, NATIONAL VA, Clinformatics Commercial, Clinformatics Medicare Advantage, CMS-Medicaid
Race/Ethnicity in the General Population
Estimated and Projected U.S. Population by Race/Ethnicity
2050
U.S. Census
Projected U.S. Population by Race/Ethnicity
2050
U.S. Census
Race/Ethnicity in the Health Care System Population
Percentage of Patients by Race/Ethnicity
2020
CMS-Medicare, NATIONAL VA, Clinformatics Commercial, Clinformatics Medicare Advantage, CMS-Medicaid
Family History of CKD
Kidney Function by eGFR
2007
Renal REGARDS
Family History of ESRD
2007
Renal REGARDS
Dialysis-requiring AKI in the General Population
Incidence of Dialysis-requiring AKI in the General Population
2009
NIS
Food Insecurity in CKD
Annual Trends of Food Insecurity and Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States
2014
NHANES
Trends of Dash Dietary Pattern and Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States
2018
NHANES
Health Consequences
CKD is characterized by a high burden of comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and others. Many of these conditions can be both a cause and consequence of CKD. In the presence of CKD, outcomes among patients with other comorbidities are typically worse than in the absence of CKD. The most important consequences of CKD include renal disease progression that has the potential to lead to end stage renal disease (ESRD), or death.
Mortality in CKD in the General Population
Cardiovascular Mortality Among U.S. Adults by eGFR and Albuminuria
2000
NHANES-NDI
Mortality in CKD in the Health Care System Population
Mortality Rates by eGFR Category/stage
2020
NATIONAL VA
Physical and Mental Functioning in CKD
Physical Functioning Limitation by CKD Status in U.S. Adults Aged ≥65
2016
NHANES
Physical Functioning Limitation by CKD Status in U.S. Adults Aged 20-64
2016
NHANES
Cognitive Function by Kidney Function Among Adults with CKD
2007
CRIC
Reporting of Various Sleep Symptoms by CKD Stage Among U.S. Adults
2018
NHANES
Reports of Disability by CKD Status Among U.S. Adults Aged ≥65
2016
NHANES
Cardiovascular Events in CKD in the Health Care Delivery System Population
Acute Coronary Syndrome Rates by eGFR Category
2008
KPNC
Heart Failure Hospitalization Rates by eGFR Category
2008
KPNC
Mortality in CKD in the Health Care Delivery System Population
Mortality Rates by eGFR Category
2008
KPNC
Risk Factors for Progression of CKD
Diabetes Among U.S. Adults with CKD
2014
NHANES
Hypertension Among U.S. Adults with CKD
2014
NHANES
Smoking Status Among U.S. Adults with CKD
2016
NHANES
Progression
One-year Progression of CKD in U.S. Veterans
2018
NATIONAL VA
Medical Expenditures
Annual Expenditures of CKD in U.S. Medicare Population
1994
NHANES-CMS
Risk Factors for CKD Complications Towards Tracking HP2020 Goals
Hypertension Among U.S. Adults with CKD, 1999-2004 vs. 2005-2010 vs. 2020 Target
2020
NHANES
Hyperlipidemia Among U.S. Adults with CKD, 1999-2004 vs. 2005-2010 vs. 2020 Target
2020
NHANES
Quality of Care
Assessment of the processes of care and practice patterns related to the detection and management of CKD is an integral part of a national CKD surveillance system. Tracking the processes of care related to CKD could be instrumental in facilitating the implementation of early diagnostic steps and institution of appropriate therapies to either prevent the development of disease or slow progression of established disease. Examination of administrative health care data is a cost-efficient method for tracking processes of care in the practice setting.
Laboratory Testing for CKD in the Health Care System
Percentage of Patients with a Procedure Code for a Serum Creatinine Test
2018
NATIONAL VA
Serum Creatinine Testing in U.S. Veterans
2020
NATIONAL VA
Albuminuria Testing Among U.S. Veterans
2019
NATIONAL VA
Serum Creatinine Testing Following Discharge Among Veterans with In-hospital AKI
2010
NATIONAL VA
Albuminuria Testing Following Discharge Among Veterans with In-hospital AKI
2010
NATIONAL VA
Nephrology Care Prior to ESRD
Timing of Pre-ESRD Care Among Incident ESRD Patients
2005
CMS-ESRD
Timing of Pre-ESRD Care and First-year Mortality
2005
CMS-ESRD
Nephrologist Care Among U.S. Veterans
2020
NATIONAL VA
Predictors of Pre-ESRD Care
2005
CMS-ESRD
Nephrology Appointment Following Discharge Among Veterans with In-hospital AKI
2010
NATIONAL VA
Trends in Nephrology Care
2015
CMS-ESRD
Use of Medications in CKD
NSAID Use in Persons With and Without CKD Among U.S. Adults
2004
NHANES
Prescribed NSAIDs Use Among U.S. Adults
2014
NHANES
ACE/ARB Use Among Veterans with CKD
2020
NATIONAL VA
ACE/ARB Use Among Veterans with CKD and Diabetes
2020
NATIONAL VA
ACE/ARB Use Among U.S. Adults with Hypertension and Severe Albuminuria
2018
NHANES
ACE/ARB Use Among U.S. Adults with Hypertension and Severe Albuminuria, Adjusted for Age
2018
NHANES
SGLT2 Inhibitor Use (%) Among Patients with CKD and Diabetes
2018
Clinformatics Commercial
Blood Pressure Treatment and Control in CKD
Blood Pressure Treatment and Control Among Adults with CKD
2007
CRIC
Trends in Hypertension Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control Among Us Veterans
2018
NATIONAL VA
CKD Detection
Detection of CKD Among Primary Care Patients with Diabetes
2012
ADD-CKD Cohort
Medication Use
Antihypertensive Medication Use Among U.S. Adults
2010
NHANES
Types of Antihypertensive Medication Use Among U.S. Adults
2010
NHANES
Health Care System Capacity
Improvements in population health rely on a strong health care system to deliver quality care and prevention services. Indicators in this section monitor the capacity for service delivery, health care workforce, and health care financing related to kidney disease. Examples include health insurance coverage, number of primary care physicians and nephrologists, laboratory reporting of estimated glomerular filtration rate, and the availability of transplant centers and dialysis facilities.
Reporting of eGFR and Use of Calibrated Creatinine by U.S. Laboratories
Laboratory Reporting of eGFR Using Creatinine
2019
CAP
Frequency of Laboratory Reporting of eGFR Using Creatinine
2019
CAP
Laboratory Reporting Using IDMS-Traceable Creatinine Calibration
2019
CAP
eGFR Reporting Using Serum Creatinine by Volume of Testing
2007
NKDEP
Frequency of eGFR Reporting with Serum Creatinine
2007
NKDEP
Estimating Equations Used by Laboratories Reporting eGFR
2019
CAP
eGFR Reporting Convention Used Among Laboratories
2007
NKDEP
Laboratory Reporting of eGFR in the Health Care System
Patients with Coreported eGFR with Serum Creatinine in VA Facilities
2019
NATIONAL VA
Coreporting of eGFR with Serum Creatinine in VA Facilities
2019
NATIONAL VA
Coreporting of eGFR in VA Facilities
2019
NATIONAL VA
Insurance Status in the General Population
Reports of Health Insurance in U.S. Adults Aged <65
2016
NHANES
Reports of Health Insurance in U.S. Adults Aged <65 with CKD
2016
NHANES
Availability of Dialysis and Transplant Facilities in the United States
Dialysis Facilities and Patients Treated by Dialysis in the U.S.
2018
USRDS
Transplant Facilities and Patients Receiving Kidney Transplants in the U.S.
2017
USRDS
ESRD Facilities by U.S. State
2018
USRDS
Staffing Positions at Dialysis Facilities in the U.S.
2018
USRDS
Number of Nephrologists and Primary Care Providers in the United States
Primary Care Physicians by Specialty in the U.S.
2013
AMA
Nephrologists in the U.S.
2013
AMA
Primary Care Physicians by U.S. State
2013
AMA
Emerging Topics
Traditional topics considered for inclusion in the surveillance system cover areas of chronic kidney disease that are widely accepted and of direct relevance to public health based upon peer-reviewed research published over time. The section on emerging topics is designed to bring to light recent advances in chronic kidney disease relevant to public health surveillance of CKD. While it currently focuses on risk factors – both modifiable and non-modifiable, it is intended in the future to include other topics that provide novel insights into the burden of kidney disease, its geographic distribution and temporal trends, advances in processes of care (both diagnostic and therapeutic), and newer insights into awareness of CKD, associated health outcomes or health system capacity. These emerging topics could eventually evolve into more established concepts warranting formal attention in a CKD surveillance system and potentially even have widespread population health management, prevention and/or policy implications.
APOL1
Risk of ESRD or Doubling of Serum Creatinine Among Patients in the AASK Study
2007
AASK
Risk of Composite Renal Outcome in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Patients of the CRIC Study
2011
CRIC
Dietary Acid Load
Adjusted Risk of Progression to ESRD by Tertiles of Estimated Dietary Acid Load
1994
NHANES III
Risk of ESRD or Doubling of Serum Creatinine Associated with NEAP
2007
AASK
Obesity
Hazard Ratio of CKD Associated with Obesity
2001
Framingham
Odds Ratio of CKD Associated with Abdominal Obesity
2004
Jackson Heart Study
Hazard Ratio of CKD Progression
2008
CRIC
Periodontal Disease
Incidence-rate Ratio of CKD by Status of Periodontal Disease
2004
D-ARIC and JHS
All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Among Adults with CKD
1994
NHANES III
Prevalence of Periodontal Disease in the U.S. Adult Population
1994
NHANES III
Projected Prevalence of CKD in the General Population
Projected Prevalence of CKD in 2020 and 2030 in Adults Aged 30 Years or Older
2030
NHANES and the CKD HPM
Projected Prevalence of CKD in 2020 and 2030 in Adults Aged 65 Years or Older
2030
NHANES and the CKD HPM
Lifetime Incidence of CKD in the General Population
Residual and Unconditional Lifetime Incidence of CKD
2010
NHANES and the CKD HPM
Cancer and CKD
Cancer Incidence by eGFR Categories
2015
Clinical Trials
Cancer Incidence by Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (ACR) Quintile
2008
Norwegian Tromso Study
Focus on Populations
Most Recent Year
Data Source
Children and Adolescents
Although the prevalence of CKD and its risk factors in U.S. children and adolescents is expected to be far lower than that in the adult population, capturing information about this population in a CKD surveillance system is of utmost importance, as these children and adolescents will likely become part of the at-risk adult population, or even the adult CKD population, over time. Additionally, children and adolescents with CKD differ in many important ways (in both cause and outcomes of disease) and thus should be examined separately from their adult counterparts.
Burden of CKD in the North American Pediatric Population
Point Prevalent Counts of Children and Adolescents with Treated ESRD by Modality
2018
USRDS
Point Prevalence of Children and Adolescents with Reported ESRD per Million
2018
USRDS
Incident Counts of Children and Adolescents with Treated ESRD by Modality
2018
USRDS
Incidence of Children and Adolescents with Reported ESRD per Million
2018
USRDS
Burden of Risk Factors for CKD in the North American Pediatric Population
Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents
2001
SEARCH
Percentage of Children and Adolescents Having Hypertension
2016
NHANES
Percentage of Children and Adolescents Who are Overweight or Obese
2016
NHANES
Percentage of Adolescents Reporting Smoking History
2016
NHANES
Total Estimated and Projected Numbers of Children and Adolescents
2050
U.S. Census
Percentage of U.S. Children and Adolescents by Race/Ethnicity
2050
U.S. Census
Health Consequences in the North American Pediatric CKD Population
Percentage of Pediatric CKD Patients with Proteinuria
2008
CKiD
Prevalence of Anemia Among Children with CKD
2008
CKiD
Prevalence of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Among Children with CKD
2008
CKiD
Prevalence of Restless Leg Syndrome Among Children
2012
Atlanta Pediatric Clinics
Fracture Burden Among Children with CKD
2013
CKiD
CKD Associated with Short Stature in the Pediatric Population
2013
CKiD
eGFR and Neurocognitive Performance in Children and Young Adults with CKD
2014
NiCK Study
Nephrotic-range Proteinuria Associated with Poor Blood Pressure Control in Children with CKD
2010
CKiD
Process and Quality of Care in the North American Pediatric CKD Population
Percentage of Pediatric CKD Patients Receiving Antihypertensive Medications
2008
CKiD
Percentage of Pediatric CKD Patients with Uncontrolled Hypertension
2008
CKiD
Percentage of Pediatric CKD Patients with Proteinuria by ACE Inhibitor/ARB Use and Glomerular Disease
2008
CKiD
Percentage of Pediatric CKD Patients with Proteinuria by ACE Inhibitor/ARB Use and Nonglomerular Disease
2008
CKiD
Burden of CKD in the U.S. Pediatric Population
Reported Cause of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
2018
USRDS
Solid Organ Transplant Population
Recipients of solid organ transplants have been recognized as being at very high risk for developing CKD. Hence, they regarded here as a “special population.” Fortunately, data from the comprehensive national Scientific Registry for Transplant Recipients (SRTR) are a rich source of information on this topic.
Prevalence of CKD in the Solid Organ Transplant Population
Status of Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients at 1-Year Post-transplant
2019
SRTR
Distribution of Risk Factors Among Living Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients at 1-Year Post-transplant
2019
SRTR
Status of Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients from a Deceased Donor at 1-Year Post-transplant
2019
SRTR
Status of Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients from a Living Donor at 1-Year Post-transplant
2019
SRTR
Prevalence of CKD Stages 3-5 at 1-Year Follow-up Among Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients
2011
SRTR
Status of Adult Liver Transplant Recipients 1-Year Post-transplant
2019
SRTR
Distribution of Risk Factors Among Living Adult Liver Transplant Recipients at 1-Year Post-transplant
2019
SRTR
Status of Adult Liver Recipients at 1-Year Post-transplant
2019
SRTR
Status of Adult Thoracic Transplant Recipients at 1-Year Post-transplant
2019
SRTR
Distribution of Risk Factors Among Living Adult Thoracic Transplant Recipients at 1-Year Post-transplant
2019
SRTR
Status of Adult Thoracic Transplant Recipients at 1-Year Post-transplant by Year and Stage
2019
SRTR
Progression of CKD in Kidney Transplant Recipients Between 1-Year and 3-Year Follow-up Visits, by Risk Factor
2016
SRTR
Progression of CKD in Liver Transplant Recipients Between 1-Year and 3-Year Follow-up Visits, by Risk Factor
2016
SRTR
Progression of Renal Dysfunction in Thoracic Transplant Recipients Between 1-Year and 3-Year Follow-up Visits, by Risk Factor
2016
SRTR
Native Americans
Burden of CKD in Native Americans
Crude Incidence of CKD
1999
SHS
Age- and Gender-adjusted Incidence of CKD
1999
SHS
Risk Factors for CKD in Native Americans
Crude Prevalence of Diabetes
1992
SHS
Crude Prevalence of Hypertension
1992
SHS
Crude Prevalence of Obesity
1992
SHS
Crude Prevalence of Smoking
1992
SHS
Health Consequences of CKD in Native Americans
Crude Incidence of ESRD
1999
SHS
Age- and Gender-adjusted Incidence of ESRD
2007
SHS
Crude Incidence of All-Cause Mortality by CKD
2007
SHS
Age- and Gender-adjusted Incidence of All-Cause Mortality by CKD
2007
SHS
Crude Incidence of Cardiovascular Mortality by CKD
2007
SHS
Age- and Gender-adjusted Incidence of Cardiovascular Mortality by CKD
2007
SHS
Health Consequences in Native Americans
Prevalence of Sleep Problems Among American Indians With and Without CKD
1999
SHS
Processes of Care in CKD in Native Americans
Use of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers by CKD
1999
SHS
Glycemic Control in Persons with Diabetes by CKD
1995
SHS
Polycystic Kidney Disease Population
Burden of CKD in the Polycystic Kidney Disease Population
Prevalence of Hepatic Cysts Among Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)
2007
CRISP
Health Consequences in the Polycystic Kidney Disease Population
Annual Change in Total Kidney Volume in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)
2007
CRISP
Annual Change in Measured Kidney Function in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)
2007
CRISP