Periodontal disease was more prevalent in those with CKD than in those without CKD (9.2% vs. 4.8%; p< 0.001).
Chart Explanation: Periodontal disease has been implicated as a novel risk factor for CKD. In 1988-1994, the prevalence of periodontal disease in U.S. adults was 7.6%. Periodontal disease was significantly more prevalent in those with CKD than in those without CKD (9.2% vs. 4.8%; p< 0.001). The median follow-up time was 14 years. The overall prevalence of CKD in the examined population was 12.4%.
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) is an earlier version of today’s continuous NHANES; this third iteration of the National Health Examination Survey was conducted from 1988-1994. NHANES III focused on oversampling many groups within the U.S. population aged 2 months or older. These oversampled groups included children aged 2 months to 5 years, persons 60 years or older, Mexican-Americans, and non-Hispanic blacks. This survey also concentrated on health and nutrition but additionally began to collect environmental exposure and infectious disease data.
This indicator is based upon analysis in published literature: Ricardo AC, Athavale A, Chen J, et al. Periodontal disease, chronic kidney disease and mortality: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
BMC Nephrol. 2015;16:97.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26149680
Field | Data |
---|
|
Description of Measure | Prevalence of Periodontal Disease |
---|
Data Source | CDC/NCHS |
---|
Type of Data Source | Public |
---|
Data Set | NHANES III |
---|
Health Care System Data | No |
---|
Regional or National? | National |
---|
Demographic Group | Noninstitutionalized U.S. residents aged 18 years or older |
---|
Numerator | NHANES III adults (18 years or older) men and non-pregnant women with periodontal disease who completed a periodontal assessment |
---|
Denominator | NHANES III adults (18 years or older) men and non-pregnant women without CKD who completed a periodontal assessment |
---|
Definition of CKD | Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, using the CKD epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation for creatinine or the presence of urine albumin-tocreatinine ratio (ACR) ≥ 30 mg/g |
---|
Primary Data Source Indicator | Prevalence of periodontal disease |
---|
Primary Indicator Method of Measurement | Periodontal disease was defined based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria as follows: moderate periodontal disease as at least 2 mesial sites with > 4 mm attachment loss or at least 2 mesial sites with 5 mm pocket depth (not on the same tooth), and severe periodontal disease as at least 2 mesial sites with > 6 mm attachment loss and one or more mesial sites with > 5 mm pocket depth. For the purposes of this study, individuals with either moderate or severe disease were classified as having periodontal disease. |
---|
Secondary Data Source Indicator | Presence of CKD |
---|
Secondary Indicator Method of Measurement | Measuring the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or measuring the presence of urine albumin-to-creatinine |
---|
Frequency of Measurement (Primary) | Once (at baseline) |
---|
Period | 1988-1994 |
---|
Pending Data | None |
---|
U.S. Region Covered by Primary Variable | All |
---|
Additional Data Items of Interest | Stage of CKD, other stratification variables of interest (race/ethnicity, educational attainment, smoking by self-report, diabetes, BMI, hypertension, CVD by self-report) |
---|
Limitations of Indicator | Possible misclassification of CKD (CKD was defined in study by single measurement of eGFR and albuminuria); periodontal disease status determined by assessment of only half of the mouth; definition of periodontal disease used might underestimate prevalence; periodontal disease development during follow-up was not taken into consideration |
---|
Analytical Considerations | Appropriate NHANES survey weights must be used for all analyses; creatinine measurements must be calibrated for NHANES III
|
---|
References and Sources:
-
Ricardo AC, Athavale A, Chen J, et al. Periodontal disease, chronic kidney disease and mortality: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BMC Nephrol. 2015;16:97.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26149680