As of December 31, 2017, 6he adjusted prevalence ESRD among 0- to 21-year-olds in the U.S. increased in 2014-2016 with 104 reported ESRD per million U.S. children and adolescents.
Age-adjusted prevalence was highest in male and in Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander children and adolescents. Adolescent Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders (18- to 21-year-olds) had the highest prevalence (327 and 225 reported counts of ESRD per million U.S. children and adolescents).
Chart Explanation: Prevalence of children and adolescents being treated for ESRD continues to increase in the U.S. Adjustment of prevalence for race/ethnicity and gender show that, overall, 104 per million 0- to 21-year-olds were being treated for ESRD in 2014-2016. The prevalence was highest among 18- to 21-year-olds (225 per million) and lowest among 0- to 4-year olds (33 per million). Male children had higher adjusted prevalence than female children (121 vs. 88 per million), and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander children had higher adjusted prevalence of ESRD than white, African-American, Asian, and Native-American children (327 vs. 101, 134, 69, and 65 per million, respectively).
The United States Renal Data System (USRDS) is a NIDDK- and CMS-sponsored national registry of all patients treated for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States. U.S. population denominators are determined through U.S. Census (www.census.gov) data. Tables from the USRDS annual report (
United States Renal Data System, 2018) are publicly available for download.
| Field | Data |
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| Description of Measure | Prevalence of renal replacement therapy [dialysis (stage 5D)] in children & adolescents |
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| Data Source | USRDS (NIDDK/CMS) |
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| Type of Data Source | Public |
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| Data Set | USRDS |
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| Health Care System Data | No |
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| Regional or National? | National |
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| Demographic Group | Medicare-eligible U.S. citizens <22 years old with ESRD-related claims with known age, race/ethnicity, and gender |
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| Numerator | December 31 point prevalent counts of patients <22 years old reported to have ESRD |
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| Denominator | U.S. resident population <22 years old from U.S. census from corresponding year |
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| Definition of CKD | Stage 5, <15 ml/min per 1.73 m² with Medicare-eligibility for ESRD-related treatment |
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| Primary Data Source Indicator | Number of U.S. patients reported to have ESRD, as indicated by treatment (dialysis or functioning transplant) |
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| Primary Indicator Method of Measurement | Claims |
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| Frequency of Measurement (Primary) | Annual (cross-sectional) |
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| U.S. Region Covered by Primary Variable | All |
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| Period Currently Available | 2006–2016 |
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| Pending Data | 2017 |
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| Additional Data Items of Interest | Year, age (from date of birth), race/ethnicity (from Medicare 2728 form), gender (from Medicare 2728 form), assigned cause of ESRD (from Medicare 2728 form) |
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| Limitations of Indicator | Only those who are Medicare-eligible are captured and eligibility may be delayed |
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| Analytic Considerations | Denominators change with missing stratification variables |
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References and Sources:
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United States Renal Data System. 2018 USRDS annual data report: Epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 2018.
United States Renal Data System. 2019 USRDS annual data report: Epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 2019.