Children and adolescents 0-19 years old had an overall prevalence of diagnosed diabetes mellitus of 0.18%, representing approximately 154,000 children and adolescents in the United States in 2001.
Chart Explanation: The vast majority of children and adolescents have type 1 versus type 2 diabetes. This is in direct contrast to adults with diabetes, in whom the most common type of diabetes mellitus is type 2. The proportion with type 2 diabetes is higher in older children and adolescents (10-19 years old) than among the youngest children (0-9 years old). All children and adolescents with diabetes, regardless of type, are at risk for development of CKD over time, particularly if the diabetes is not controlled.
The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study (SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group, 2004) aimed to estimate population prevalence and incidence of diabetes in youth (children and adolescents aged 0-19) according to age, gender, race/ethnicity, and type of diabetes. SEARCH collected data from 6 centers in California (Kaiser Permanente of Southern California, excluding San Diego), Hawaii (Hawaii Medical Service Association, Med-Quest, and Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Colorado (13 counties, including reservation-based American Indian populations), Ohio (8 counties including Cincinnati), Washington (5 counties including Seattle), and South Carolina. Active surveillance through endocrinologists, existing databases, health plan databases, and health providers was conducted in the latter 4 centers to identify cases of diabetes in 0- to 19-year-olds. Cases were validated by physician report, medical record review, or self-report of physician. Denominators for civilian youth populations were calculated by removing children active-duty military personnel, and weighting for race/ethnicity and gender was performed to approximated the U.S. census population of youth. The data are subject to physician reporting bias and possible lack of national representativeness. The estimates for prevalence in 2001 have been reported (SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group, 2006).
| Field | Data |
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| Description of Measure | Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and glycemic control in the general youth (<20 years) population |
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| Data Source | SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study |
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| Type of Data Source | Private |
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| Data Set | NHANES |
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| Health Care System Data | Yes (active surveillance in 4 areas; also health plan enrollees in Hawaii and California; American Indian health services in Colorado) |
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| Regional or National? | National (6 centers) |
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| Demographic Group | Non-institutionalized U.S. residents aged 0-19 years |
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| Numerator | Cases of diabetes among non-institutionalized U.S. residents aged 0-19 years enrolled in health plan or covered by geographic area |
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| Denominator | Non-institutionalized U.S. residents aged 0-19 years enrolled in health plan or covered by geographic area |
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| Primary Data Source Indicator | Diabetes diagnosis |
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| Primary Indicator Method of Measurement | Physician reports, medical record review, or self-report of physician |
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| Secondary (1) Variable | Age |
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| Secondary (1) Indicator Method of Measurement | Physician reports, medical record review, or self-report of physician |
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| Secondary (2) Variable | Rhd143, rhd141/rhd140: current pregnancy |
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| Frequency of Measurement (Primary) | Continuous (active surveillance) |
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| U.S. Region Covered by Primary Variable | Ohio (8 counties including Cincinnati), Washington (5 counties including Seattle), South Carolina (4 counties), Colorado (13 counties), Hawaii (Hawaii Medical Service Association, Med-Quest and Kaiser Permanente Hawaii), and California (Kaiser Permanente Southern California, excluding San Diego) |
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| Period Currently Available | 2001 |
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| Pending Data | 2002+ |
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| Additional Data Items of Interest | Age, gender, race/ethnicity, type of diabetes |
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| Limitations of Indicator | Diagnosed diabetes only, lag in reporting |
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| Analytical Considerations | Appropriate weighting and denominator determination (see SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Group, 2004; 2006) |
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References and Sources:
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Liese AD, D'Agostino RB Jr, Hamman RF, et al. The burden of diabetes mellitus among US youth: prevalence estimates from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Pediatrics. 2006;118(4):1510-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17015542
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SEARCH Study Group. SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth: a multicenter study of the prevalence, incidence and classification of diabetes mellitus in youth. Control Clin Trials . 2004 Oct;25(5):458-71.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15465616