As of December 31, 2016, ~0.7 million patients (726,331) were being treated for end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States, giving a point prevalence of 2,206 per million population; prevalence of dialysis treatment was 1,553 per million, whereas prevalence of functioning kidney transplant was 653 per million.
The prevalence of ESRD more than doubled between 1990 and 2016.
Chart Explanation: Shown is the point prevalence of ESRD in the United States from 1990 to 2016, by treatment. The overall point prevalence increased from 727 per million in 1990 to 2,206 per million in 2016; adjustment for known age, gender, and race/ethnicity gives a 2014-2016 combined adjusted prevalence of 2,047 per million.
The United States Renal Data System (USRDS) is national registry of all patients treated for end-stage renal disease in the United States. It is sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIDDK) and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) that reports prevalence of all treated ESRD in the United States. U.S. population denominators are determined through U.S. Census data. Tables from the USRDS annual report (
United States Renal Data System, 2018) are publicly available for download.
The data shown have been adjusted for age, gender, and race.
| Field | Data |
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| Description of Measure | Prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (Stage 5) |
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| Data Source | USRDS (NIDDK/CMS) |
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| Type of Data Source | Public |
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| Data Set | USRDS |
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| Health Care System Data | No |
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| Regional or National? | National |
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| Demographic Group | Medicare-eligible U.S. citizens with ESRD-related claims with known age, race/ethnicity, and gender |
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| Numerator | As of December 31, point prevalent counts of patients reported to have ESRD without loss-to-follow up or recovery of renal function |
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| Denominator | U.S. resident population from U.S. census from corresponding year |
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| Definition of CKD | Stage 5, <15 ml/min/1.73 m² with Medicare-eligibility for ESRD-related treatment |
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| Primary Data Source Indicator | Number of U.S. patients reported to have ESRD, as indicated by treatment (dialysis or functioning transplant) |
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| Primary Indicator Method of Measurement | Claims |
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| Frequency of Measurement (Primary) | Annual (cross-sectional) |
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| U.S. Region Covered by Primary Variable | All |
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| Period Currently Available | 2016 |
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| Pending Data | 2017 |
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| Additional Data Items of Interest | Year, age (from date of birth), race/ethnicity (from Medicare 2728 form), gender (from Medicare 2728 form), assigned cause of ESRD (from Medicare 2728 form) |
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| Limitations of Indicator | Only those who are Medicare-eligible are captured & eligibility may be delayed |
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| Analytic Considerations | Denominators change with missing stratification variables |
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References and Sources:
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United States Renal Data System. 2018 USRDS annual data report: Epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 2018.
United States Renal Data System. 2019 USRDS annual data report: Epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 2019.