Chart Explanation: Prevalence of children and adolescents being treated for ESRD continues to increase in the U.S. Adjustment of prevalence for race/ethnicity and gender show that, overall, 111 per million 0- to 21-year-olds were being treated for ESRD in 2016-2018. The prevalence was highest among 18- to 21-year-olds (230 per million) and lowest among 0- to 4-year olds (42 per million). Male children had higher adjusted prevalence than female children (128 vs. 95 per million), and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander children had higher adjusted prevalence of ESRD than White, African-American, Asian, and Native-American children (383 vs. 108, 143, 71, and 78 per million, respectively).